Instruction: Identify the assumptions that must hold for the statement to be valid, then choose the correct option. Statement: While the world is moving towards automation, it is essential to ensure that ethical frameworks evolve alongside technological advancements to prevent misuse. Assumptions: I. Automation can lead to ethical dilemmas. II. Ethical frameworks must be updated to keep pace with technological advancements. III. Automation will eventually replace human labor in all sectors.
- (a)Only I and II are implicit
- (b)Only I and III are implicit
- (c)All are implicit
- (d)Only I is implicit
Answer
Why
Correct — A.
Rule: an assumption is what must be true for the statement to stand.
I holds: frameworks are needed to prevent misuse, which makes sense only if automation can raise ethical problems.
II holds: it restates the statement's own claim that frameworks must evolve alongside technological advancements.
III fails: moving towards automation says nothing about replacing human labor in all sectors.
I and II → option (a).
Why the others are wrong
- (b)Only I and III are implicit — III is the problem: the statement says the world is moving towards automation, not that automation will replace human labor in all sectors. This option also drops II.
- (c)All are implicit — III does not have to hold. The call for ethical frameworks stands whether automation replaces labor in some sectors or in all of them, so not all three are implicit.
- (d)Only I is implicit — Leaving out II misses the statement's central claim. Its call for frameworks to evolve alongside technological advancements is II in other words, and the statement cannot stand without it.
Concept
An assumption is something the author must take for granted: if it were false, the statement would fall apart. Test each one by denying it.
Deny I: automation never raises ethical problems. Then there is no misuse to prevent, and the statement collapses. Deny III: automation replaces labor in some sectors but not all. The statement is untouched, so III is not implicit.
II is close to a paraphrase of the statement. The instruction asks for what must hold for the statement to be valid, and a statement cannot be valid while its own claim is false, so II counts.
Key facts
- The denial test: if denying a sentence breaks the statement, that sentence is implicit.
- The statement justifies ethical frameworks by the need to prevent misuse.
- III claims that automation will replace human labor in all sectors, while the statement says only that the world is moving towards automation.
Study next
Common traps
- Rejecting II because it restates the statement, when the instruction asks what must hold for the statement to be valid
- Accepting III because it sounds like a likely future, though the statement does not depend on it
14 Sep 2025, 12:30, Reasoning Q.5 uses the same instruction on another automation statement and also keys Only I and II, leaving out III, a claim that the displacement is temporary.
15 Sep 2025, 12:30, Reasoning Q.10 keys Only I and II on electric-vehicle subsidies, where III is a claim about carbon emissions.
Related PYQs
No directly related past PYQ was found.