SSC CGL 2025 Tier-I · 12 September 2025, Shift 1 · General Awareness · Question 17 of 100

Text as printed on a candidate's response sheet for this shift; answer per SSC's tentative key as marked on that sheet. Solution last reviewed 11 September 2026.

Where this paper and its answers come from

SSC does not publish CGL question papers or a public answer key. From 2025 the candidate response sheet prints every question and option as a picture, so the text here is transcribed from those pictures for this shift and checked against them independently; where the layout carries meaning, the picture is shown as well. Each answer is the key SSC colour-marked on that sheet. SSC released a tentative key for challenge and later its final one, both only to candidates behind a login, and the sheet does not say which of the two it carries. The solutions are written by UnlockIAS.

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam(BSA) places emphasis on the use of technology to ensure the authenticity of evidence. This is particularly relevant for:

(a)Physical exhibits from crime scenes.
(b)Hand-written diaries.
(c)Digital and electronic evidence.
(d)Oral confessions.

Answer

Why

Correct — C. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023, which replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, treats electronic records as documents.

Its Section 63 requires a certificate with an electronic record each time it is offered in evidence, signed by the person in charge of the device and by an expert.

That technology-based check on authenticity is aimed at digital and electronic evidence.

Why the others are wrong

(a)
Physical exhibits from crime scenes. — Physical exhibits such as a weapon or clothing are material objects, proved through the witnesses who seized or examined them. The Section 63 certificate applies to electronic records, not objects.
(b)
Hand-written diaries. — A hand-written diary is a paper document. Its authorship is proved through handwriting evidence, not through the device certificate the Adhiniyam demands for electronic records.
(d)
Oral confessions. — An oral confession is spoken testimony, not stored data. Whether it is admissible turns on who heard it and whether it was voluntary, not on a device certificate.

Concept

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 came into force on 1 July 2024, together with the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita.

It keeps the frame of the 1872 Evidence Act but updates it for digital records. Electronic records count as documents, and the definition reaches information held in semiconductor memory and smartphones.

Admissibility of such records runs through Section 63, which replaced Section 65B of the old Act.

Key facts

The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 received Presidential assent on 25 December 2023 and came into force on 1 July 2024.
It replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, and has 170 sections against the old Act's 167.
Section 63 of the Adhiniyam replaced Section 65B of the Evidence Act on the admissibility of electronic records.
The Section 63 certificate is signed by the person in charge of the device or activity and by an expert.

Study next

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, which replaced the Indian Penal CodeBharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, which replaced the Code of Criminal ProcedurePrimary and secondary evidence, and where electronic records now sit

Common traps

Choosing "physical exhibits" because forensics is technological — the stem is about authenticating records, and the certificate regime covers electronic records.
Mixing up the three new laws: the Sakshya Adhiniyam is evidence, the Nyaya Sanhita is offences, the Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita is procedure.

This item asks what the new law is for, not for a section number. The stem's own phrase, "use of technology to ensure the authenticity of evidence", points to evidence that a device produces.

Related PYQs

No directly related past PYQ was found.

Topic: Current events — all 116 SSC CGL questions on it, every solved shift.