Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming that the information given in the statements is true, even if it appears to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the given conclusions logically follow from the statements. Statements: All papers are pencils. All pencils are erasers. All erasers are pens. Conclusions: I. All pens are papers. II. Some papers are erasers. III. Some pens are pencils.

Correct — C. The three statements make a single chain:

papers sit inside pencils, pencils inside erasers, erasers inside pens.

II. Every paper is a pencil and every pencil an eraser, so all papers are erasers - and all yields some. II follows.

III. All pencils are pens, so at least one pen is a pencil. III follows.

I. The chain runs one way only. Pens are the widest class, and nothing forces a pen to be a paper. I does not follow.

II and III survive -> option (c).

Why the others are wrong

• (a)
  All the conclusions follow — This needs I as well, and I reverses the chain: from all erasers are pens you cannot reach all pens are papers.
• (b)
  Only conclusions I and III follow — III is sound, but this option pairs it with I, which asks the widest class to sit inside the narrowest.
• (d)
  Only conclusions I and II follow — II is sound, but this option carries I, and no arrangement of the three statements puts every pen inside papers.

Three universal statements in a row give one nested chain, and every valid conclusion is read straight off it.

All A are B yields some B are A in SSC's scheme, and that single move is what lets II and III through.

What never follows is the reverse of a universal. All pencils are pens does not license all pens are pencils, and no length of chain repairs that.

Key facts

• All papers are pencils, all pencils are erasers, all erasers are pens nests papers inside pencils inside erasers inside pens.
• All A are B yields some B are A, which is why some pens are pencils follows.
• The converse of a universal never follows, so all erasers are pens leaves pens outside erasers.

Common traps

• Reading the chain backwards and letting conclusion I through
• Rejecting II because the statements never use the words some papers are erasers
• Importing what erasers and pens really are instead of using the statements

No directly related past PYQ was found.