Which of the following statements is/are correct? i. The first green revolution led to over-exploitation of natural resources. ii. The second Green Revolution was more focused on Southern India. iii. The second green revolution ensured in achieving sustainable livelihood security.
- (a)Only ii
- (b)i and ii
- (c)ii and iii
- (d)i and iii
Answer
Why
Correct — D. Statement i holds. The first green revolution's package of high-yielding seed, heavy fertiliser and assured irrigation drew down groundwater and degraded soils in its core districts.
Statement ii fails. The second green revolution is aimed at eastern India, not the south — the Union programme is named Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India.
Drop ii, keep i, and the surviving combination is i and iii — iii being the second revolution's declared aim of sustainable livelihood security.
Why the others are wrong
- (a)Only ii — This keeps the one statement that is wrong and drops one that is not in dispute. Over-exploitation of soil and groundwater in the first green revolution's belt is documented, so i cannot be excluded.
- (b)i and ii — Statement i is right, but ii drags the pair down. The second green revolution's stated theatre is eastern India — Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
- (c)ii and iii — This drops the safest statement of the three and keeps the weakest. Statement i is the standard criticism of the first green revolution, and ii stays wrong whichever partner it is given.
Concept
The green revolution of the late 1960s lifted wheat and rice yields in a narrow belt — Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh — on a package of high-yielding varieties, fertiliser, pesticide and assured irrigation.
The costs came with the package: falling water tables, salinity and soil exhaustion, and a widening gap between irrigated and rainfed districts.
The second green revolution is framed as the answer to that record — eastern and rainfed India rather than the old belt, and sustainability and livelihoods rather than tonnage alone.
Statement iii's word ensured reads as the second revolution's declared aim rather than a measured outcome. The item is still settled by statement ii, which is wrong, and once ii goes only the keyed combination still carries i.
Key facts
- The first green revolution concentrated on wheat and rice in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.
- Its recorded costs include falling water tables, soil degradation and widening regional inequality.
- Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India covers Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
- The second green revolution is framed around sustainability and livelihood security rather than output alone.
Study next
Common traps
- Reading the second green revolution as a southern programme when its stated theatre is eastern India
- Rejecting statement i because it sounds like criticism rather than fact
The second green revolution is asked by its administration as well as by its aims.
Its cell's headquarters is keyed to Patna at 12 Sep 2024, 16:00, General Awareness Q.10, and its main objective is asked at 19 Sep 2024, 16:00, General Awareness Q.23, keyed to holistic development in agriculture.
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