CPR stands for :

Question

CPR stands for :

UnlockIAS · Accepted Answer

Correct — C, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Take the word apart and the answer builds itself: cardio- is the heart, pulmonary is the lungs, and resuscitation means bringing back from apparent death. CPR is therefore the emergency procedure that artificially takes over the two functions that stop together in cardiac arrest — the pumping of blood and the movement of air — and keeps them going until a defibrillator or an advanced-care team arrives. The technique is chest compressions, which squeeze the heart between the sternum and the spine and push blood forward, combined with rescue breaths. Standard adult guidance from the American Heart Association and the international resuscitation bodies is compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute, to a depth of about 5 cm (and not beyond about 6 cm), allowing the chest to recoil fully between compressions, in cycles of 30 compressions to 2 breaths for a single rescuer; a bystander who is untrained or unwilling to give breaths is told to do compression-only, or 'hands-only', CPR rather than nothing. The reason the acronym matters at all is a clock: once circulation stops, the brain begins to sustain irreversible damage within roughly four to six minutes, and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest falls sharply with every minute that passes before compressions begin. That is why the correct expansion is Resuscitation — the act of restoring life — and not any of the three plausible-sounding alternatives on offer.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) Not a term used in medicine at all. 'Programme' belongs to the vocabulary of administration and public health campaigns, not to a bedside clinical procedure, and the word order is not how medical acronyms are built — they name the system involved and then the action performed on it. There is no recognised emergency technique by this name.  (b) Every word here exists in medicine but the combination does not. 'Pulsatile' describes a flow pattern — it is used, for instance, to distinguish pulsatile from continuous-flow mechanical heart pumps — and 'revision' is a surgical term meaning an operation done again to correct or replace an earlier one, as in revision joint surgery. Neither describes an emergency manoeuvre performed by a bystander on a collapsed person, and this option also drops 'pulmonary', so it leaves out the lungs entirely.  (d) This is the designed trap: the first two-thirds of the expansion are exactly right, and only the last word is swapped. But 'revision' means re-doing or re-examining something, which is not what is being done to a person in cardiac arrest — the aim is to revive, and the word for reviving is resuscitation. In an options set where three choices share the 'cardio-' opening, the whole question turns on recognising which final noun denotes an act of revival.

Concept: CPR is the first-aid response to cardiac arrest — the sudden failure of the heart to pump, in which the person collapses, is unresponsive, and has no pulse and no normal breathing. The single most examinable idea here is that cardiac arrest is not the same thing as a heart attack. A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is a plumbing failure: a coronary artery is blocked and a patch of heart muscle starts to die, but the person is usually awake and can describe the pain. Cardiac arrest is an electrical failure: the heart's rhythm collapses, most often into ventricular fibrillation, and pumping stops within seconds. A heart attack can trigger a cardiac arrest, but only cardiac arrest calls for CPR.

State PCS 2024 Q67 — Science & Technology PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2024 Q67 — Science & Technology PYQ with Answer