Which of the following is NOT correctly matched ?

Question

UnlockIAS · Accepted Answer

Correct — D, Kyoto Protocol — Save water. The question asks for the mismatched pair, and this is it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, held at Kyoto in December 1997, and it entered into force in February 2005. Its subject is greenhouse gases, not water: it placed legally binding emission-reduction targets on the developed (Annex-I) countries for a basket of gases including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and created three flexibility mechanisms — international emissions trading, Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism, the last of which generated the 'carbon credits' Indian firms earned. Water conservation is nowhere in its text; the treaty most associated with water bodies is the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (1971). Since the other three pairs are all correct, (d) is the answer.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) Correctly matched, so it is not the answer. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety was adopted in 2000 under the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force in 2003; it regulates the transboundary movement, handling and use of living modified organisms, using the precautionary approach and an advance informed agreement procedure.  (b) Correctly matched, so it is not the answer. The Stockholm Convention, adopted in 2001 and in force from 2004, targets persistent organic pollutants — the original 'dirty dozen' included DDT, PCBs, dioxins and furans — chemicals that resist degradation, travel long distances and accumulate in fatty tissue.  (c) Correctly matched, so it is not the answer. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was agreed in 1987 under the Vienna Convention of 1985 and phases out chlorofluorocarbons, halons and HCFCs; its Kigali Amendment of 2016 extended control to hydrofluorocarbons, which are potent greenhouse gases.

Concept: Multilateral environmental agreements come in families, and each family has a parent convention with protocols hanging off it. Under the Vienna Convention (1985) sits the Montreal Protocol on ozone. Under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) sit the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Agreement (2015). Under the Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) sit the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000) and the Nagoya Protocol on access and benefit sharing (2010). The chemicals-and-waste cluster is separate again — Basel on hazardous waste (1989), Rotterdam on prior informed consent (1998) and Stockholm on persistent organic pollutants (2001). Learn the parent, and each protocol's subject follows.

State PCS 2019 Q97 — Environment & Ecology PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2019 Q97 — Environment & Ecology PYQ with Answer