United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019 was held at which of the following cities?

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Correct — D, New York. The UN Climate Action Summit 2019 was held at United Nations Headquarters in New York on 23 September 2019, convened by Secretary-General António Guterres on the margins of the opening of the UN General Assembly's 74th session, under the slogan 'A Race We Can Win. A Race We Must Win.' Guterres asked leaders to arrive with concrete plans rather than speeches — specifically, enhanced nationally determined contributions and a path to net zero by 2050. For India this summit is doubly memorable: Prime Minister Narendra Modi used it to announce that India's renewable-energy target would be raised well beyond 175 GW, towards 450 GW, and to launch the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), whose secretariat is in New Delhi. The key point of the question is institutional, not geographical — a summit convened by the Secretary-General is held at UN Headquarters, which is in New York.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) Paris hosted COP21 in December 2015, which produced the Paris Agreement — the single most famous climate venue there is, which is precisely why it is placed first here. But COP sessions are meetings of the parties to the UNFCCC hosted by a rotating presidency; the 2019 Climate Action Summit was a different animal, convened by the UN Secretary-General at UN Headquarters.  (b) Geneva is the UN's second major hub and hosts the World Meteorological Organization, which co-sponsors the IPCC and provides its secretariat — so it feels climate-adjacent. It is not, however, where the General Assembly meets or where the Secretary-General convened this leaders' summit.  (c) Doha hosted COP18 in 2012, which adopted the Doha Amendment extending the Kyoto Protocol's second commitment period. Again a real climate venue, but from a different event and a different year.

Concept: There are two distinct kinds of global climate meeting and this question lives on the difference between them. The Conference of the Parties (COP) is the annual decision-making body of the UNFCCC, hosted by a rotating country presidency — Paris 2015 (COP21), Doha 2012 (COP18), Madrid 2019 (COP25). A UN Climate Summit, by contrast, is convened by the Secretary-General under the General Assembly's umbrella, has no negotiating mandate, and is held at UN Headquarters in New York to extract political pledges from heads of government. The 2019 edition, on 23 September, was the flagship attempt to raise ambition ahead of the 2020 deadline for countries to submit strengthened NDCs under the Paris Agreement.

State PCS 2019 Q84 — Environment & Ecology PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2019 Q84 — Environment & Ecology PYQ with Answer