In Part-IV, relating to Directive Principles of State Policy, which of the following Articles was not added by the Forty-second Constitution Amendment Act?

Question

UnlockIAS · Accepted Answer

Correct — C, Article 43B. It directs the State to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies, and it was inserted by the Ninety-seventh Constitution Amendment Act, 2011 — thirty-five years after the 42nd Amendment. The same 2011 amendment added Part IXB on co-operative societies and made forming co-operative societies part of the fundamental right under Article 19(1)(c). The other three Articles in the options were all inserted into Part IV by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) Was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — equal justice and free legal aid, obliging the State to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied for economic or other disabilities.  (b) Was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — participation of workers in the management of industries, undertakings and other establishments.  (d) Was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 — protection and improvement of the environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.

Concept: Part IV (Directive Principles) has been expanded three times. The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976 added Articles 39A, 43A and 48A and recast Article 39(f) on the healthy development of children. The 44th Amendment Act, 1978 added Article 38(2), obliging the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities. The 97th Amendment Act, 2011 added Article 43B on the promotion of co-operative societies. So of the four options here, only 43B falls outside the 42nd Amendment's batch.

State PCS 2026 Q17 — Indian Polity PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2026 Q17 — Indian Polity PYQ with Answer