The provisions relating to appointment of Supreme Court and High Court Judges in the Indian Constitution were incorporated on the basis of published recommendations given by _______ Committee (1945).

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Correct — D, the Sapru Committee, chaired by Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, whose constitutional proposals were published in 1945. The committee (the Conciliation Committee set up by the Non-Party Conference) was asked to find a constitutional settlement for India, and its report went well beyond the communal question into the architecture of a future constitution — including a judiciary insulated from politics, with judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts appointed by the head of the State in consultation with the Chief Justice rather than at executive discretion. Accounts of the making of the Constitution credit this 1945 report as the source of the appointment scheme the Constituent Assembly later wrote into Articles 124 and 217. Sapru himself was one of the era's foremost constitutional lawyers — Law Member of the Viceroy's Executive Council, a leader of the Liberals, and a participant in the Round Table Conferences — which is why his committee's proposals carried weight with the framers.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) No committee of this name is credited with the 1945 constitutional proposals on judicial appointments. The 1945 report the question points to is universally known as the Sapru Committee Report, after its chairman.  (b) There is no 'Sen Committee (1945)' behind the judicial-appointment provisions of the Constitution. The option works only as a plausible-sounding surname of the period; the report that shaped Articles 124 and 217 is the Sapru report.  (c) Not the 1945 committee the question means. S. Varadachariar is a real and relevant figure — he chaired the Constituent Assembly's Ad hoc Committee on the Supreme Court in 1947 — but the provisions on appointing judges are traced to the Sapru Committee of 1945.

Concept: Several pre-independence reports fed into the Constitution, and exams test 'which report gave us which provision'. The Sapru Committee (1945) belongs to the final phase of that pre-independence constitutional debate: it was an Indian, non-official attempt at a settlement, and it is remembered in constitutional history for its treatment of an independent judiciary and of minority safeguards. The Constituent Assembly's own Ad hoc Committee on the Supreme Court and, later, the Drafting Committee, worked with the same idea — appointments made by the President in consultation with the judiciary, with fixed tenure, security of salary and a difficult removal procedure, so that judges would not depend on the government of the day.

State PCS 2025 Q74 — Indian Polity PYQ with Answer

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