Which among the following source throw light on the history of Parmar Dynasty ?
- (a)Navsahsank Charit of Padmagupta
- (b)Prabandha Chintamani of Merutunga
- (c)Udaipur Prashasti
- (d)All of the above
Correct — D, All of the above. Each work genuinely illuminates the Parmar (Paramara) dynasty of Malwa. Padmagupta's Navasahasanka-charita is a court epic on the Paramara king Sindhuraja (whose title was Navasahasanka). Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani, a Jain prabandha, preserves accounts of Paramara rulers such as Munja and Bhoja. The Udaipur Prashasti (a temple inscription at Udaipur/Udayapur, MP) records the dynasty's genealogy. Since all three are valid sources, the inclusive option is right.
- (a)Navsahsank Charit of Padmagupta — True but incomplete — it is a Paramara source, yet the other two are equally valid, so 'A alone' is not the best answer.
- (b)Prabandha Chintamani of Merutunga — True but incomplete — it does cover the Paramaras, but so do the other listed sources, so it cannot be the sole answer.
- (c)Udaipur Prashasti — True but incomplete — this inscription gives the Paramara genealogy, but the literary works also qualify, so 'C alone' is not correct.
The Paramara (Parmar) dynasty ruled Malwa in central India from about the 9th to the 14th century, with its capital at Dhara (modern Dhar). Its history is reconstructed from a mix of court literature (charitas), later Jain chronicles (prabandhas) and eulogistic stone inscriptions (prashastis) — the very three kinds of source the options list.
When one option is 'All of the above' and each of the others is a genuine, well-known source for the same dynasty, the safe reasoning is that none is excluded — so 'All of the above' is the intended answer.
- The Paramaras ruled Malwa; their capital was Dhara (Dhar, MP)
- Navasahasanka-charita by Padmagupta describes the Paramara king Sindhuraja
- Prabandha-Chintamani by Merutunga (1305 CE) is a Jain chronicle covering Paramara kings
- The Udaipur Prashasti is an inscription giving the Paramara dynasty's genealogy
- Raja Bhoja was the greatest Paramara ruler and a noted scholar-patron
- Treating one work as 'the' source and overlooking that all three qualify
- Confusing Merutunga's Prabandha-Chintamani with other Jain prabandhas or charitas
MPPSC asks 'which source describes dynasty X' and author-to-text matches; UPSC has tested king–dynasty pairings involving the Paramaras and Bhoja.
Consider the following pairs: King — Dynasty 1. Nannuka — Chandela 2. Jayashakti — Paramara 3. Nagabhata II — Gurjara-Pratihara 4. Bhoja — Rashtrakuta. How many pairs given above are correctly matched?
- (a) Only one pair
- (b) Only two pairs
- (c) Only three pairs
- (d) All four pairs
Answer(b) Only two pairs
Same dynasty — this UPSC question probes the Paramaras and King Bhoja, the very rulers these Paramara sources describe.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The Navasahasanka-charita, a source for Paramara history, was composed by whom?
- (a)Bilhana
- (b)Padmagupta
- (c)Kalhana
- (d)Bana
Answer(b) Padmagupta (Parimala) — his epic celebrates the Paramara king Sindhuraja 'Navasahasanka'.
- practice — not a real PYQ
The capital of the Paramara dynasty of Malwa was located at:
- (a)Dhara (Dhar)
- (b)Kannauj
- (c)Tripuri
- (d)Khajuraho
Answer(a) Dhara, modern Dhar in Madhya Pradesh — the Paramara capital.