In the definition of armed forces under the Protection of Human Rights Act, which of the following is not included?
- (a)Navy
- (b)Armed Forces of the State
- (c)Military
- (d)Air Force
Correct — B, Armed Forces of the State. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines 'armed forces' as the naval, military and air forces and any other armed forces of the Union. The Navy, the Military (army) and the Air Force are therefore all included, but a State's own armed forces are not part of this definition — making 'Armed Forces of the State' the item that is not included. The definition is tied to the Union because defence and the armed forces are Union subjects.
- (a)Navy — The naval forces are expressly named in the Act's definition of 'armed forces', so the Navy IS included — hence it is not the answer to a 'not included' question.
- (c)Military — The military (army) is one of the three components named in the definition (naval, military, air), so it IS included.
- (d)Air Force — The air forces are expressly named in the definition, so the Air Force IS included.
For the purposes of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 'armed forces' is defined narrowly as the naval, military and air forces plus any other armed forces of the Union. This definition matters because the Act limits how the Commission may deal with human-rights complaints against the armed forces — it seeks a report from the Central Government rather than investigating them directly.
The odd-one-out is the option that adds the words 'of the State'. Defence and the armed forces sit in the Union domain, and the Act deliberately anchors its definition to the Union's forces. Navy, Military and Air Force are all inside the definition; only a State's armed forces fall outside it.
- 'Armed forces' = the naval, military and air forces, and any other armed forces of the Union.
- Navy, Army (military) and Air Force are all included in the definition.
- 'Armed Forces of the State' is NOT within the definition — defence is a Union matter.
- For complaints against the armed forces, the Commission proceeds by seeking a report from the Central Government.
- Reading 'armed forces' widely to include a State's forces
- Forgetting that the definition is anchored to the Union's forces
MPPSC favours definition-clause 'which is NOT included' items from the Act. Anchor: armed forces = naval + military + air + any other Union forces.
No directly related past PYQ was found.
- practice — not a real PYQ
Under the Protection of Human Rights Act, 'armed forces' includes any other armed forces of the:
- (a)State
- (b)Union
- (c)paramilitary only
- (d)State and Union both
Answer(b) Union.
- practice — not a real PYQ
While inquiring into a complaint of human-rights violation by the armed forces, the Commission may:
- (a)directly arrest the personnel
- (b)seek a report from the Central Government
- (c)order a court-martial
- (d)suspend the officer
Answer(b) seek a report from the Central Government.