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UPSC 1998: Indonesian forest fire in 1997 was caused by
(a)greenhouse effect
(b)depletion of the ozone layer
(c)El Niño effects
(d)None of the above
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Not attemptedCorrect Answer: (d) None of the above
The 1997 Indonesian fires were started mainly by deliberate slash-and-burn clearing of land for agriculture and plantations; drought only helped them spread. Greenhouse warming, ozone depletion and the El Niño phenomenon were contributory factors at best, but not the proximate cause, so “None of the above” is correct. ([selfstudyhistory.com](https://selfstudyhistory.com/2015/04/04/prelims-ias-general-studies-solved-paper-with-explanations-1998-part-2/))
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the correct answer to this UPSC 1998 Environment & Ecology question?▼
The correct answer is option (d): None of the above. Watch the detailed video explanation in our Sherlocking Prelims course on UnlockIAS.
Which year was this Sustainable Agriculture & Forestry question asked in UPSC Prelims?▼
This question was asked in UPSC CSE Prelims 1998, GS Paper 1, as Question 22. It falls under Environment & Ecology > Sustainable Agriculture & Forestry.
What is the difficulty level of this UPSC question?▼
This question is rated "easy". It tests basic recall and most well-prepared aspirants should answer it correctly.
How many UPSC Prelims questions have been asked from Sustainable Agriculture & Forestry?▼
UPSC has asked 31 questions from Sustainable Agriculture & Forestry (under Environment & Ecology) across multiple years. Visit the topic page to see the full list and year-wise trends.