UPSC 2019: Consider the following statements: 1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India. 2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention. 3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The Ramsar Convention requires protection only of sites a country designates as Ramsar wetlands, not every flooded land within its territory, so statement 1 is wrong. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986; they are not framed *on the recommendation* of Ramsar, hence statement 2 is incorrect. The Rules explicitly include the drainage/catchment area ‘as determined by the authority’ within the definition of a wetland, making statement 3 correct. Therefore, only statement 3 is true. ([edukemy.com](https://edukemy.com/blog/upsc-prelims-2019-question-40/?utm_source=openai))