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UPSC 2002: The historian Barani refused to consider the state in India under Delhi Sultans as truly Islamic because
(a)the majority of the population did not follow Islam
(b)the Muslim theologists were often disregarded
(c)the Sultan supplemented the Muslim law by framing his own regulations
(d)religious freedom was accorded to non-Muslims
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Not attemptedCorrect Answer: (c) the Sultan supplemented the Muslim law by framing his own regulations
Barani, an orthodox Sunni chronicler, felt the Sultanate was not a truly Islamic polity because the Sultans issued secular regulations ( zābnāmah ) to supplement or override Sharia, thereby asserting royal law-making independent of the ulema. The other options (demographic majority, disregard of theologians, or tolerance for non-Muslims) were noted by him but were not the primary reason he gave. ([aspireias.com](https://www.aspireias.com/upsc-general-study-10years-paper/2002?utm_source=openai))
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the correct answer to this UPSC 2002 Medieval History question?▼
The correct answer is option (c): the Sultan supplemented the Muslim law by framing his own regulations. Watch the detailed video explanation in our Sherlocking Prelims course on UnlockIAS.
Which year was this Delhi Sultanate question asked in UPSC Prelims?▼
This question was asked in UPSC CSE Prelims 2002, GS Paper 1, as Question 5. It falls under Medieval History > Delhi Sultanate.
What is the difficulty level of this UPSC question?▼
This question is rated "moderate". It requires sound conceptual understanding of the topic.
How many UPSC Prelims questions have been asked from Delhi Sultanate?▼
UPSC has asked 21 questions from Delhi Sultanate (under Medieval History) across multiple years. Visit the topic page to see the full list and year-wise trends.