UPSC 2022: With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea, consider the following statements: 1. A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention. 2. Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. 3. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Which of the statements given above are correct?

UNCLOS fixes the maximum breadth of the territorial sea at 12 nautical miles, so a coastal State cannot extend it further, making statement 1 wrong ([publications.parliament.uk](https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld5802/ldselect/ldintrel/159/15904.htm?utm_source=openai)). Article 17 of the Convention grants ships of all States, including land-locked ones, the right of innocent passage through another State’s territorial sea, so statement 2 is correct ([un.org](https://www.un.org/depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part2.htm?utm_source=openai)). Article 57 limits the Exclusive Economic Zone to ‘not beyond 200 nautical miles’ from the baselines, so statement 3 is correct ([un.org](https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/introduction.htm?utm_source=openai)).