UPSC 2019: With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdar and Zamindar? 1. Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection. 2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Jagirdars received temporary revenue assignments (jagirs) from the Mughal emperor in return for military/administrative service; they could be transferred and were generally non-hereditary, so statement 2 is wrong. Zamindars, on the other hand, enjoyed long-standing (often hereditary) revenue rights and also helped maintain local order, so statement 1’s contrast is inaccurate. Because both statements are incorrect, the correct option is ‘Neither 1 nor 2’. ([scribd.com](https://www.scribd.com/document/930193143/C4-Jagirdars-Zamindars-Decline-of-Mughals?utm_source=openai))