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The correct answer is option (a): the Portuguese. Watch the detailed video explanation in our Sherlocking Prelims course on UnlockIAS.
This question was asked in UPSC CSE Prelims 1995, GS Paper 1, as Question 73. It falls under Medieval History > European Powers & Early Colonial Contacts.
This question is rated "easy". It tests basic recall and most well-prepared aspirants should answer it correctly.
UPSC has asked 4 questions from European Powers & Early Colonial Contacts (under Medieval History) across multiple years. Visit the topic page to see the full list and year-wise trends.