Match List-I with List-II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists: List-I (Journal/Newspaper/Pamphlet) A. Kudi Arasu B. Kisan Bulletin C. Bombay Chronicle D. Bhawani Mandir List-II (Founder/Editor/Author) 1. Aurobindo Ghosh 2. Pherozeshah Mehta 3. Indulal Yagnik 4. E.V. Ramaswami Naicker Code:

Correct — A, 4, 3, 2, 1. Three of the four pairs can be fixed with confidence and they settle the code between them. Kudi Arasu, meaning Republic, was the Tamil weekly that Periyar E. V. Ramasamy started at Erode on 2 May 1925, and it became the main platform of the Self-Respect Movement he launched later that decade, so A goes to 4. The Bombay Chronicle was an English daily begun in 1910 by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta, the Bombay lawyer who had presided over the Congress in 1890, and it grew into one of the most important nationalist papers of western India under the editorship of B. G. Horniman, so C goes to 2. Bhawani Mandir is the 1905 pamphlet of the Bengal revolutionary underground, calling for a temple to Bhawani and an order of dedicated workers around it, and it is associated with Aurobindo Ghosh, so D goes to 1. That leaves Indulal Yagnik for the Kisan Bulletin, and it is the pairing the rest of his life fits: the Gujarati leader who helped form the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936, founded the Gujarat Kisan Parishad in 1939 and presided over the Akhil Hind Kisan Sabha in 1942 is the only figure on the list with any connection to a peasant publication. Read as a set, the list is a small survey of the different jobs a periodical did — a social-reform weekly, a peasant bulletin, a nationalist daily and a revolutionary tract.

• (b)4, 2, 3, 1 — The strongest wrong option, because it swaps only the middle pair and Indulal Yagnik really was an assistant editor of The Bombay Chronicle in 1926-27. It fails on the other half of the swap: Pherozeshah Mehta, a Bombay constitutionalist who died in 1915, has no connection to a peasant bulletin, whereas he demonstrably founded the Chronicle.
• (c)1, 3, 2, 4 — Puts Aurobindo Ghosh at the head of a Tamil weekly and E. V. Ramaswami Naicker behind a Bengali revolutionary pamphlet. Both attributions are the wrong region, the wrong language and the wrong politics.
• (d)1, 2, 3, 4 — The lazy in-order pick. It gets only the Bombay Chronicle pairing wrong by accident of position, and misplaces the other three.

The Indian press between 1870 and 1947 was less a business than an arm of politics, and different kinds of publication served different movements. A vernacular weekly like Kudi Arasu carried social reform into a regional readership. An English daily like The Bombay Chronicle argued the nationalist case in the language of the rulers and was read in official Bombay. A pamphlet like Bhawani Mandir was written to be circulated in secret and to recruit. A bulletin attached to a peasant organisation reported the affairs of a class rather than of a nation. Matching a title to a founder is therefore also a matter of matching a form to a politics.

Do this item by anchors rather than by working through all four rows. Two pairings are almost automatic for anyone who has read the standard accounts — the Bombay Chronicle to Pherozeshah Mehta and Bhawani Mandir to Aurobindo Ghosh — and each of them alone knocks out two options. Kudi Arasu is Tamil and the only Tamil name in List-II is E. V. Ramaswami Naicker, better known as Periyar, so the third row is fixed by language. The remaining row is then forced. That is worth knowing as a method: in a four-by-four matching item, three secure pairs always determine the fourth, so time is better spent confirming what you are sure of than agonising over the unfamiliar entry. On the printing, the paper writes Bhawani Mandir and E.V. Ramaswami Naicker; the pamphlet is often transliterated Bhawani Mandir or Bhavani Mandir and the leader's name is more usually spelt Ramasamy today. Those are variants of transliteration, not errors of fact, and the paper's forms are kept here.

• Kudi Arasu, meaning Republic, was a Tamil weekly started by Periyar E. V. Ramasamy at Erode on 2 May 1925.
• The Bombay Chronicle, an English-language daily, was started in 1910 by Sir Pherozeshah Mehta and was edited by B. G. Horniman from 1913 to 1919; it closed in 1959.
• Bhawani Mandir is a 1905 pamphlet of the Bengal revolutionary movement, associated with Aurobindo Ghosh, urging a temple to Bhawani and a band of dedicated workers.
• Indulal Yagnik of Gujarat helped form the All India Kisan Sabha in 1936, founded the Gujarat Kisan Parishad in 1939 and presided over the Akhil Hind Kisan Sabha in 1942.
• Yagnik was also an editor by trade — of Navjivan ane Satya until he handed it to Gandhi in 1919, of the daily Hindustan from 1924 to 1928, and assistant editor of The Bombay Chronicle in 1926-27.

• Assuming the man who edited a paper also founded it; the Bombay Chronicle was founded by Mehta but edited by Horniman and, briefly, assisted by Indulal Yagnik.
• Attributing Bhawani Mandir to Barindra Kumar Ghosh, which some scholars do; on this list only Aurobindo is offered, so the row is not in doubt.
• Trying to recall the least familiar title first. Fix the pairs you are sure of and let the last row follow.

Almost always as a four-row matching item, occasionally reversed into 'which one of the following pairs of newspaper and editor is not correctly matched'.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  The Tamil weekly Kudi Arasu was started in 1925 by

  • (a)C. Rajagopalachari
  • (b)E. V. Ramaswami Naicker
  • (c)S. Srinivasa Iyengar
  • (d)P. Varadarajulu Naidu

  Answer(b) E. V. Ramaswami Naicker — Periyar started Kudi Arasu at Erode on 2 May 1925, and it became the chief organ of the Self-Respect Movement.

• practice — not a real PYQ

  The Bombay Chronicle, an important nationalist daily of western India, was founded in 1910 by

  • (a)Badruddin Tyabji
  • (b)Dadabhai Naoroji
  • (c)Pherozeshah Mehta
  • (d)Gopal Krishna Gokhale

  Answer(c) Pherozeshah Mehta — he started the paper in 1910, and B. G. Horniman edited it from 1913 to 1919.