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12 topicsGS-1: 1GS-2: 3GS-3: 8
0/12 done
GS-2Polity

1.Supreme Court on Governor Bill Assent (Governor Assent Powers)

Indian Express

What & Where

Clarificatory 5-judge Constitution Bench opinion on Governor/President assent powers for State Bills under Arts. 200-201.

Applies to all Indian States; Presidential role triggered only when Bill is “reserved”.

Governor’s choices restricted to: assent, return (except Money Bills), or reserve for President.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Constitutional Procedure

  • Reservation mandatory for bills altering HC powers; otherwise discretionary yet limited.
  • Governor not bound by State cabinet advice for assent decision, unlike Art.163 executive actions.
  • Indefinite delay classed as unconstitutional inaction, open to mandamus.

Judicial Oversight

  • Supreme Court allows writs only to compel decision, not dictate outcome.
  • Courts barred from imposing fixed days due to “as soon as possible” wording.
  • Merits of President/Governor choice remain non-justiciable.

Centre–State Relations

  • Opinion aims to curb legislative paralysis flagged by multiple States.
  • Reinforces federal balance by preventing gubernatorial obstruction of elected legislatures.
  • Clarification expected to streamline state law-making without central overreach.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Constitutional Articles200 (Governor), 201 (President)
Bench strength5 judges (Constitution Bench)
Permissible Governor actionsAssent / Return with recommendations / Reserve for President
“Withhold assent simpliciter”Held unconstitutional; no indefinite inaction
Money Bill returnProhibited; can only assent or reserve
Phrase on timelines“As soon as possible”; no court-fixed deadline
Deemed assent doctrineRejected; Article 142 can’t override procedure
President’s decisionNon-justiciable; courts review only inaction
Judicial review scopeProcess compliance & delay, not merits of Bill
Validity challengeOnly post-assent laws, not pending Bills

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, GS1 2003PYQ 1

Under which Article of the Indian Constitution did the President give his assent to the ordinance on electoral reforms when it was sent back to him by the Union Cabinet without making any changes (in the year 2002)?

CAPF_GAI, GS1 2022PYQ 2

The landmark case of D. C. Wadhwa vs. State of Bihar in the Supreme Court is related to which one of the following powers of the Governor?

GS-2S&T

2.Geological Survey of India Overview (Geological Survey)

News on Air

What & Where

Premier national geoscientific body conducting geological, mineral and marine surveys across India

Attached office of Ministry of Mines; formal institutional birth in 1851 under British rule

Operates nationwide through surface, subsurface, airborne, marine and polar missions

Quick Facts for MCQs

Historical Evolution

  • 1837 Committee on Coal & Mineral Resources laid groundwork
  • 1851 continuous institutional work started, considered true GSI origin
  • Grew into global-recognised repository of Indian geological, mineral data

Core Functions

  • Mapping systematic surface, subsurface, airborne, marine geology
  • Exploration scientific assessment of mineral, energy, water resources
  • Repository maintaining spatial databases, archives, museums, remote-sensing records

Geohazards & Environment

  • Seismotectonic studies support earthquake, land stability risk mitigation
  • Glaciology and climate-change geostudies in Himalaya and polar regions
  • Geoenvironmental inputs aid infrastructure planning, groundwater and land-use decisions

International Collaboration

  • Partnerships with USGS, BGS, Geoscience Australia, polar agencies
  • Engages in global earth-science missions, data exchange and joint research
  • Capacity building through university tie-ups, training, student outreach

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Formal establishment year1851
Parent ministryMines
Founding mandateCoal location for railways
First DirectorSir Thomas Oldham
“GSI” term first used1848 by John McClelland
Earliest geologic map1818-23 by W. Voysey (Hyderabad)
Milestone being marked175 years, 2023-24
Organisational statusAttached office, Govt of India

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

NDA_GAT 2025PYQ 1

Which one of the following organisations has completed 150 years of service to the nation in the year 2025?

NDA_GAT 2020PYQ 2

Which one of the following is the oldest scientific department of Government of India?

GS-3Economy

3.Index of Eight Core Industries (Industrial Index)

DH

What & Where

Monthly Index measuring performance of eight infrastructure industries across India.

Serves as leading indicator for overall Index of Industrial Production trends.

Compiled by Office of the Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce & Industry.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Composition

  • Industries: Coal, Crude oil, Natural gas, Refinery products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement, Electricity.
  • Combined weighting decides 40.27 % of entire IIP basket.

Economic Significance

  • Early-warning barometer guiding fiscal, monetary, industrial policy responses.
  • High-frequency output aids forecasting of short-term growth or slowdown phases.

Recent Performance

  • October 2025 print showed zero growth, signalling stagnation in infrastructure sectors.
  • Marks lowest reading since August 2024, highlighting emerging supply-side weakness.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Base year2011-12
Industries covered8
Share in IIP weight40.27 %
PublisherOffice of Economic Adviser
Parent ministryCommerce & Industry
Release frequencyMonthly
Latest data (Oct 2025)0 % growth
Worst performance span14 months

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2012PYQ 1

In India, in the overall Index of Industrial Production, the Indices of Eight Core Industries have a combined weight of 37·90%. Which of the following are among those Eight Core Industries?

GS1 2015PYQ 2

In the ‘Index of Eight Core Industries’, which one of the following is given the highest weight?

GS-3Economy

4.Defence Production and Export Milestones (Defence Manufacturing)

PIB
Illustration for Defence Production and Export Milestones (Defence Manufacturing)

What & Where

Defence Atmanirbharta: Government push for indigenous design, manufacturing, export of arms, platforms, subsystems.

Key processes: Positive Indigenisation Lists, Defence Acquisition Procedure-2020, corridor-based clustering in UP & Tamil Nadu.

Core geography: DPSUs pan-India; two Defence Industrial Corridors—Lucknow-Jhansi belt (UP) & Chennai-Coimbatore belt (TN).

Quick Facts for MCQs

Production Trends

  • Surge: 174 % rise since 2014–15 baseline ₹46,429 crore.
  • DPSUs-Private mix: Private share up to 23 % in one year.
  • Contracts: 177 of 193 FY 2024-25 deals awarded domestically.

Export & Markets

  • Growth: Exports jumped from <₹1,000 crore (2014) to ₹23,622 crore.
  • Facilitation: 1,762 digital export authorisations issued FY 2024-25.
  • Goal: ₹50,000 crore exports targeted by 2029.

Policy Reforms

  • DAP-2020: Prioritises Buy-Indian-IDDM, integrates AI, robotics.
  • DPM-2025: Uniform, fully digital revenue procurement up to ₹1 lakh crore.
  • Corridors: ₹9,145 crore actual, ₹66,423 crore committed investment.

Key Challenges

  • Technology-gap: Limited propulsion, seekers, advanced materials capability.
  • Scale: Domestic output still below Services’ annual requirements.
  • Import dependence: 58 % procurement via licensed foreign production.

Way Forward

  • Deep-tech: Elevate defence R&D to 8-10 % of budget.
  • Private boost: Assured long-term orders, shared testing infrastructure.
  • Export diplomacy: Bundled finance, MRO hubs for Africa, ASEAN, Gulf.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
FY 2023-24 Indigenous Production₹1,27,434 crore
FY 2024-25 Total Defence Output~₹1.54 lakh crore
FY 2024-25 Exports₹23,622 crore
Export Destinations80–100 countries
FDI Automatic Route Limit74 %
MSMEs in supply chain16,000+

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, ESE_GS 2024PYQ 1

The Atmanirbhar Bharat Scheme announced by the Government helps in:

CDS_GK, ESE_GS 2024PYQ 2

Ministry of Defence signed contract with which one of the following organizations for Upgraded Super Rapid Gun Mount (SRGM) and other equipment for around 3000 crores?

GS-3Economy

5.India’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Growth (Fisheries Sector)

The Hindu
Illustration for India’s Fisheries and Aquaculture Growth (Fisheries Sector)

What & Where

Aquaculture: controlled farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants for food & trade.

Key types: inland carp ponds, brackish-water shrimp, emerging marine cages/deep-sea culture.

Geography hubs: Andhra Pradesh & West Bengal (inland); Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Odisha coasts (marine/brackish).

Quick Facts for MCQs

Economic Angle

  • Exports: GST cut 12 → 5 % on fish products boosts US, EU, East-Asia market share.
  • EEZ Rules 2025: deep-sea access for cooperatives taps under-utilised pelagic stocks.
  • Competitive labour & shrimp efficiency position India for rising global seafood demand.

Tech & Schemes

  • Digital tools: ReALCraft, NFDP, Traceability Framework enable catch tracking, export compliance.
  • Infrastructure: 730 cold storages & 26,348 transport units sanctioned under PMMSY.
  • Climate-smart ponds piloted in Andhra reduce water, feed, GHG—scalable nationwide.

Environmental Impact

  • Overfishing: juvenile catch shrinks sardine, mackerel stocks both coasts.
  • Habitat loss: seagrass decline, harbour pollution weaken fish nursery grounds.
  • EEZ Rules ban destructive gears; seasonal closures, mesh norms proposed for recovery.

Social Concerns

  • Women: PMMSY gives 60 % subsidy for kiosks, processing, bolstering inclusive value chains.
  • Credit gap: small fishers struggle with boat repair loans, insurance despite schemes.
  • Census 2025 apps geo-tag 2 mn households for targeted welfare delivery.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Total aquatic output 2022-2317.54 million t
Expansion since 1980s7-fold rise
India’s global rank (aquaculture)2nd after China
FAO SOFIA 2024 share23 million t aquatic animals
Shrimp-led export jump Oct ’24→’2508 %
Inland fisheries growth 2013-25+140 %
Livelihood dependence30 million people
Coastal fishing villages3,477 (give 72 % output)
PMMSY outlay 2020-26₹20,312 cr
FIDF approved projects (Jul 2025)₹6,369 cr

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

ESE_GS, NDA_GAT 2024PYQ 1

aquaculture nation in the world and P

ESE_GS, NDA_GAT 2026PYQ 2

Which institution released the report titled “India’s Blue Economy: Strategy for Harnessing Deep-Sea and Offshore Fisheries”?

GS-1Environment

6.Cold Wave Criteria and Mechanism (Meteorological Phenomenon)

The Hindu

What & Where

Definition: IMD declares cold wave when minimum temperature plunges below set thresholds causing physiological stress.

Geography: Applies separately to plains, hilly, coastal belts; present episode over Deccan plateau districts Kohir, Yalal (Telangana).

Timing: Mostly post-monsoon to winter months, November–February across northern and central India.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Meteorological Mechanism

  • Anticyclonic high over north India pushes cold, dry continental winds southward
  • Clear skies, low moisture enable strong nocturnal radiational cooling on Deccan plateau
  • Elevated plateaus cool faster than adjoining coastal plains

Spatial Variation

  • Rural Kohir, Yalal recorded ~8 °C, 3–5 °C below normal
  • Daytime maxima stay warm 28–31 °C, creating large diurnal range
  • Urban heat island keeps Hyderabad nights relatively milder

Human & Crop Impact

  • Hypothermia, frostbite risks surge for elderly, homeless, infants
  • Dry cold air exacerbates asthma, COPD, bronchitis, flu, pneumonia incidents
  • Cold stress threatens rabi crops in northern Telangana districts

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Plains Cold WaveTmin ≤ 10 °C & departure –4.5 °C to –6.4 °C
Plains Severe Cold WaveDeparture ≤ –6.4 °C
Plains Independent TriggerTmin ≤ 4 °C (cold), ≤ 2 °C (severe)
Hilly Region TriggerTmin 0 °C or less
Coastal TriggerDeparture ≤ –4.5 °C & Tmin ≤ 15 °C
Duration RuleConditions at ≥2 stations for 2 consecutive days
GS-3Environment

7.India Advocates Big Cat Conservation (Big Cat Alliance)

PIB

What & Where

International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA): India-led coalition for conserving seven global big-cat species.

Secretariat: National Tiger Conservation Authority, MoEFCC, India; open to all UN member states.

Geographic span: 95 range & supportive non-range nations across Asia, Africa, Americas.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • Approval: Union Cabinet cleared IBCA; housed within statutory NTCA framework.
  • Membership clause: Voluntary, no treaty obligations, fosters South-South cooperation.
  • Funding avenue: Bilateral, multilateral, donor agencies beyond initial Indian grant.

Environmental Impact

  • Apex-predator role: Regulates herbivores, maintains forest & grassland resilience.
  • Carbon storage: Intact big-cat landscapes act as major nature-based climate solutions.
  • Indicator status: Thriving populations signal healthy watersheds and soil stability.

International Engagement

  • UNFCCC platform: India pitched stronger collaboration during COP30 ministerial.
  • Global coverage: 95 nations invited, easing tech transfer & joint research.
  • Climate-biodiversity nexus: Alliance frames big-cat safety as mitigation–adaptation synergy.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Launch year2023 (Project Tiger@50)
Species coveredTiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, Puma
India’s native big cats5 of 7 (all except Puma, Jaguar)
Secretariat locationIndia (under NTCA)
Indian funding pledge₹150 crore, 2023-28
2026 Global Big Cats SummitNew Delhi, India
COP30 venue announcing callBelém, Brazil
Climate report released“One Earth, One Family, One Future”
MembershipAll UN states; range & supportive non-range
Core objectivesCurb trade, protect habitats, mobilise finance & tech

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

ESE_GS, GS1 2021PYQ 1

The Thirteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS COP-13) in 2020 was held in

ESE_GS, GS1 2017PYQ 2

‘M-STrIPES’ पशु-घनी समावटों में किस संदर्भ में देखा जाता है ?

GS-3Environment

8.Threats Facing Indian Dugongs (Marine Mammals)

Indian Express
Illustration for Threats Facing Indian Dugongs (Marine Mammals)

What & Where

Marine herbivorous mammal of order Sirenia; nicknamed sea cow.

Habitat: shallow (<10 m) warm bays, lagoons, estuaries dominated by seagrass.

Indian range: Gulf of Mannar–Palk Bay, Gulf of Kutch, Andaman & Nicobar Islands.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Major Threats

  • Habitat-loss: dredging, reclamation, coastal construction uproot seagrass meadows.
  • Fishing: gill-net, trawl entanglement causes injury and mortality.
  • Pollution: heavy-metal contamination, plastic, oil degrade food and health.

Conservation & Policy

  • CMS membership 1983; Dugong MoU 2008; Appendix I CITES bans trade.
  • 2010 MoEFCC Task Force; National Dugong Recovery Programme with TN, Gujarat, A&N.
  • 2022 Palk Bay Dugong Conservation Reserve spans 448 km² seagrass habitat.

Ecological & Economic Value

  • Grazing aerates sediments, recycles nutrients; labelled ecosystem engineer keystone.
  • Seagrass meadows sequester carbon, shelter juveniles, raise fish catch by ≥ ₹2 crore / yr.
  • Presence signals healthy coastal ecosystems benefiting tourism and fisheries.

Pollution Findings

  • Study detected arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead in stranded individuals.
  • Contaminants originate from industrial effluent, agricultural runoff, untreated sewage.
  • Bioaccumulation reduces immunity, breeding success, worsening decline.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
IUCN statusVulnerable
CITES listingAppendix I
WPA, 1972Schedule I
CMS Dugong MoUIndia signatory 2008
Body lengthUp to 3 m (≈10 ft)
Average weight≈ 420 kg
Lifespan≤ 70 years
Daily seagrass need30–40 kg
Calving interval3–5 years
2012 MoEFCC estimate~200 individuals

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2015PYQ 1

With reference to ‘dugong’, a mammal found in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?

GS1 2009PYQ 2

The marine animal called dugong which is vulnerable to extinction is a/an

GS-3SpeciesQuick Bite

9.Tiger Sighting in Gujarat Sanctuary (Tiger Conservation)

Indian Express

What & Where

Ratanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary, Dahod district Gujarat, adjoining Jhabua–Kathiwada MP, notified 1982 as Sloth Bear stronghold

First official Bengal tiger sighting in Gujarat since local extinction notification 1989, recorded inside this sanctuary

Gujarat now houses Asiatic lion, Bengal tiger, Indian leopard; Banni Grasslands being readied for cheetah facility under Project Cheetah

Quick Facts for MCQs

Biodiversity

  • Sloth Bear maximum state numbers, large leopard concentration, new tiger presence enrich predator guild
  • Mixed deciduous–teak–bamboo mosaic sustains diverse ungulates, insects, fruiting flora
  • Sanctuary adds to central Indian landscape connectivity for wide‐ranging carnivores

Conservation Moves

  • Tiger locally declared extinct 1989, sighting indicates possible natural dispersal from MP landscape
  • Gujarat planning cheetah introduction under Project Cheetah, aiming four big cats in one state
  • Sanctuary status since 1982 provides legal shield aiding comeback of apex predators

Ecological Role

  • Panam river catchment protection ensures water supply to Dahod & Panchmahals agriculture
  • Mahua, Jamun fruiting cycles bolster bear nutrition, promote seed dispersal
  • Forest cover curbs soil erosion on Ratanmahal hill slopes, aids microclimate stability

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Sanctuary nameRatanmahal Wildlife Sanctuary (Sloth Bear Sanctuary)
Notification year1982
StateGujarat
DistrictDahod
Bordering regionsJhabua & Kathiwada, Madhya Pradesh
Recent carnivore recordOne Bengal tiger, Nov 2025
Keystone speciesSloth Bear, highest state population
Other major carnivoreLeopard
Dominant foothill floraDry teak forest
Peripheral vegetationMixed deciduous with dry bamboo
Fruit trees supporting bearsMahua, Jamun
River catchmentPanam
Gujarat big‐cat comboLion, Tiger, Leopard (Cheetah planned)
Upcoming projectCheetah breeding centre, Banni Grasslands

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, GS1 2017PYQ 1

Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to which one of the following sites?

CDS_GK, GS1 2025PYQ 2

‘नीलगिरि’, ‘सूट्र’ और ‘वायशार्क’ के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?

GS-3S&T

10.Regional Open Digital Health Summit 2025 (Digital Health)

News on Air

What & Where

Summit – second Regional Open Digital Health Summit 2025; three-day platform on standards-based digital health

Location – New Delhi, India; convened for WHO South-East Asia Region nations

Participation – SEAR LMIC governments, India, WHO, UNICEF, tech innovators

Quick Facts for MCQs

Objectives & Alignment

  • UniversalHealthCoverage; build interoperable, people-centric ecosystems aligned with SDGs
  • LegacySystems integration; reduce fragmentation across national health information platforms
  • PolicyHarmonisation; regional capacity-building for common digital standards

Technology & Innovation

  • IndianDPI demonstration; ABDM health stack, CoWIN vaccination, UPI payments, Aadhaar identity
  • StandardsPush; emphasis on FHIR resources, modular open APIs, open-source health tools
  • GenerativeAI showcase; diagnostics, clinical documentation, analytics prototypes by academia and industry

Regional Impact

  • PandemicPreparedness; shared standards enable rapid cross-border data exchange during crises
  • Leadership; summit cements India as SEAR anchor for digital public infrastructure collaboration
  • ScaleShift; guidance helps nations upgrade from isolated pilots to nationwide interoperable systems

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Host CountryIndia
Venue CityNew Delhi
DurationThree days in 2025
Core OrganisersIndia, WHO SEARO, UNICEF, partner govts
Focus TracksStandards; Digital Public Infrastructure
Key StandardsFHIR, open APIs, open-source tools
Indian DPI ShowcasesABDM, CoWIN, UPI, Aadhaar
AI Demo PlayerseClinicalWorks, Google, NiramAI, IIT Delhi
GS-2Security

11.Colombo Security Conclave NSA Meet (Indian Ocean Security)

The Print
Illustration for Colombo Security Conclave NSA Meet (Indian Ocean Security)

What & Where

Colombo Security Conclave (CSC) = Indian Ocean security grouping; cooperative action against maritime & transnational threats.

Core geography = India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, Bangladesh, Seychelles; western-central Indian Ocean littorals.

Secretariat & founding documents signed Colombo, Aug 2024; 7ᵗʰ NSA meet held New Delhi, 2025.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Security Dimension

  • Meeting reaffirmed free, secure Indo-Pacific amid rising maritime threats & radicalisation.
  • Pillars align with UNCLOS, ASEAN Outlook, India’s SAGAR & Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative.
  • Focus on joint HADR drills, real-time info-exchange, coordinated patrols.

Membership Timeline

  • 2011 trilateral → 2022 Mauritius accession → 2024 Bangladesh → 2025 Seychelles full member.
  • Each accession approved at NSA-level conclaves; expanding concentric-ring security architecture.

Geostrategic Geography

  • Seychelles’ 115 islands sit astride critical SLOCs linking Gulf-Africa-Asia.
  • Members straddle chokepoints: Straits of Hormuz, Malacca approach, Eight-Degree Channel, Mozambique Channel.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Original format2011 India-Sri Lanka-Maldives Trilateral Maritime Dialogue
Full members 2025India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, Bangladesh, Seychelles
Observer at 7ᵗʰ meetSeychelles (now upgraded)
Guest country 2025Malaysia
Five security pillarsMaritime safety; Counter-terrorism; Transnational crime; Cyber & critical infra; HADR
Latest chair & venueIndia; New Delhi (7ᵗʰ NSA, 2025)
Secretariat cityColombo, Sri Lanka
Seychelles capitalVictoria on Mahé
Distance Seychelles-Africa~1,500 km east of mainland East Africa
Seychelles EEZCritical for India’s SAGAR maritime vision

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK 2024PYQ 1

The 7th edition of the Indian Ocean Conference was held at

CDS_GK 2023PYQ 2

The joint multinational maritime exercise named IBSAMAR is conducted by the Navies of which of the following countries?

GS-3Security

12.Sagar Kavach Coastal Security Exercise (Coastal Defence)

The Hindu
Illustration for Sagar Kavach Coastal Security Exercise (Coastal Defence)

What & Where

Exercise Sagar Kavach: biannual, multi-agency coastal security drill hosted by Indian Coast Guard.

Conducted along entire Indian coastline; current cycle covers Tamil Nadu’s Cuddalore & Villupuram districts.

Simulates seaborne threats to validate SOPs against intrusion, sabotage, smuggling, terrorist infiltration.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Security Dimension

  • Emphasis on deterrence against 26/11-type maritime terror events.
  • Coverage includes ports, offshore assets, rail/bus stations within 10 km coastal zone.
  • Integrates surface craft with aerial surveillance for layered defence.

Inter-Agency Coordination

  • Joint control room feeds command decisions in real time.
  • Uniform communication protocols ensure seamless handover between civil & military responders.
  • Post-exercise debrief isolates inter-agency lacunae for policy tweaks.

Operational Elements

  • Red Force employs rubber boats, fishing vessels to breach security cordon.
  • Blue Force counters via coastal radars, interceptor boats, QRTs, village watch committees.
  • Continuous intel gathering & interrogation drills sharpen response speed.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
FrequencyTwice a year
Lead agencyIndian Coast Guard
Participant spectrumNavy, Coastal Police, CISF, Customs, Fisheries, Intelligence, State Admin
Threat simulationDummy ‘Red Force’ intruders via sea & land routes
Key activitiesSea patrols, boat frisking, harbour checks, coastal village sweeps
CoverageCoastal states + island territories; vital installations & public hubs
Current edition venueCuddalore & Villupuram (TN)
Core aimTest & refine coastal security Standard Operating Procedures

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, NDA_GAT 2021PYQ 1

Which one of the following statements is most appropriate about ‘Exercise Kavach’?

CAPF_GAI, NDA_GAT 2024PYQ 2

Which one among the following statements with regard to India’s maritime initiative, SAGAR, is correct?

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