Q: The Earth in its initial phases of formation was a hot object with a thin layer of atmosphere comprising
(a)oxygen and nitrogen
(b)hydrogen and helium
(c)carbon dioxide and nitrogen
(d)argon and methane
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Geo-Scientist Environment & Ecology Questions
68 previous year questions
Sub-topics
Climate Change & Greenhouse Gases (17)Ecosystems & Ecology Concepts (14)Protected Areas & Wildlife (10)Pollution (9)Biodiversity & Conservation (9)General (3)Ecology Basics (2)Pollution & Waste Management (2)Protected Areas (1)Climate Change (1)
Q: According to the Ramsar Convention, which one of the following lakes is protected as waterfowl habitat?
(a)Chilika Lake
(b)Pulicat Lake
(c)Vembanad Lake
(d)Kolleru Lake
Q: Which of the following are the salient features of the Government of India Act, 1935? I. Provincial Autonomy II. Dyarchy at the Centre III. Abolition of the India Council Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a)I and II only
(b)II and III only
(c)I and III only
(d)I, II and III
Q: Which of the following statements is/are correct for gynoecium of a flower? I. In syncarpous conditions, more than one pistil fuse together. II. The stigma serves as a landing platform for pollen grains. III. Pistils are fused with stamens in all flowers. Select the answer using the code given below.
(a)I and II only
(b)I only
(c)II and III only
(d)I, II and III
Q: Which of the following are characteristics of aromatic compounds? I. They should be planar. II. They should follow (4n + 2) π-electrons rule. III. They should be cyclic. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a)I and II only
(b)II and III only
(c)I and III only
(d)I, II and III
Q: The cleaning action of soap is characterized by which of the following? I. Emulsification II. Micelle formation around the oil droplet III. Interaction of hydrophilic part of soap with oil IV. Interaction of hydrophobic part of soap with water Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a)II, III and IV only
(b)I and II only
(c)I, III and IV only
(d)I, II, III and IV
Q: A transition zone between two different ecological communities is known as
(a)ecocline
(b)ecozone
(c)ecotone
(d)ecotype
Q: Two species that possess the same ecological niche cannot coexist indefinitely. This is known as the I. competitive exclusion principle II. Gause's principle of competitive exclusion III. principle of character displacement IV. principle of self-assembly Which of the above is/are correct?
(a)I and II
(b)II and III
(c)III and IV
(d)I only
Q: In natural ecosystems, some of the output or output information may be fed back as input to control the functioning. Such system when occurs is called
(a)an isolated system
(b)a cybernetic system
(c)a linear system
(d)a successional system
Q: Consider the following statements as regards to the protection of ozone layer: I. The Vienna Convention aims to protect the ozone layer. II. The Montreal Protocol is recognized as the most successful international environmental treaty. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a)I only
(b)II only
(c)Both I and II
(d)Neither I nor II
Q: The fundamental niche of a species refers to
(a)the actual range of conditions and resources the species occupies in the presence of competitors
(b)the physical location within an ecosystem where the species lives
(c)the unique role and position of the species in its ecosystem including all the biotic interactions
(d)the full potential range of physical and biological conditions and resources the species could theoretically occupy
Q: Biodiversity elements with actual or potential use should not be lost simply because we presently do not know their value. Which of the following statements best reflects/reflect the reason/reasons for the above statement? I. They may have values unused at present but once discovered could enhance the well-being of mankind. II. They may become useful in future due to changing circumstances. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a)I only
(b)II only
(c)Both I and II
(d)Neither I nor II
Q: Consider the following statements: I. Keystone species is an organism that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance. II. Sentinel species gives us an early warning of problems that could potentially affect other species. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a)I only
(b)II only
(c)Both I and II
(d)Neither I nor II
Q: Consider the following statements: Statement-I : Trophic relationship within ecological communities tends to be complex and web-like. Statement-II : Many consumers feed on more than one species and are fed upon by more than one species. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
(a)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
(b)Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
(c)Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is not correct
(d)Statement-I is not correct but Statement-II is correct
Q: Why is sunscreen lotion used while moving out during daytime in summer?
(a)To reduce the exposure to all harmful radiations present in sunlight
(b)To reduce the exposure to harmful infrared radiations present in sunlight
(c)To reduce the exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiations present in sunlight
(d)To reflect the visible radiations by the body surface to glow
Q: Match List–I with List–II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List–I (Pigment) A. PbO B. Pb₃O₄ C. Cr₂O₃ D. Graphite List–II (Colour) 1. Yellow 2. Red 3. Green 4. Black
(a)A 4 B 3 C 2 D 1
(b)A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
(c)A 1 B 3 C 2 D 4
(d)A 4 B 2 C 3 D 1
Q: Which of the following associations is/are example/examples of mutualism? 1. Mycorrhizae : Fungi and roots of higher plants 2. Lichens : Fungi and photosynthetic algae 3. Pollination : Mustard flower and honeybees Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a)1 only
(b)2 and 3 only
(c)1, 2 and 3
(d)1 and 3 only
Q: Which one of the following Protocols was signed in the year 1987 to reduce the production and use of ozone-depleting substances?
(a)Kyoto Protocol
(b)Montreal Protocol
(c)Nagoya Protocol
(d)Cartagena Protocol
Q: The Govind Ballabh Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment (GBPNIHE) has its Headquarters at
(a)Leh
(b)Gangtok
(c)Almora
(d)Itanagar
Q: Which one of the following correctly explains a species' unique environmental requirements, its role and position in the spatial habitats at a given time?
(a)Ecological equivalent
(b)Niche overlap
(c)Niche expansion
(d)Ecological niche
Q: Which one of the following species disproportionately affects ecosystem dynamics?
(a)Umbrella species
(b)Flagship species
(c)Priority species
(d)Keystone species
Q: Which one of the following is an example of endemic plant species of India?
(a)Prosopis juliflora
(b)Nepenthes khasiana
(c)Lantana camara
(d)Parthenium hysterophorus
Q: Which one of the following statements about nature reserves is not correct?
(a)These protect biodiversity.
(b)These should always be small.
(c)A circular reserve is generally superior to an extended strip of land with the same total area.
(d)Several reserves may be connected by corridors.
Q: Which one of the following pairs of Ramsar Sites and States is not correctly matched?
(a)Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary : Gujarat
(b)Rudrasagar Lake : Tripura
(c)Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary : Sikkim
(d)Haiderpur Wetland : Uttar Pradesh
Q: The Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) conferred the 'Harry Messel Award (2024)' upon
(a)Jadav Payeng
(b)Dr. Krithi Karanth
(c)Bibhab Kumar Talukdar
(d)Kinkri Devi
Q: Which one of the following statements is/are correct for a vascular bundle in which xylem and phloem are jointly situated along the same radius? 1. These are called conjoint vascular bundles. 2. Cambium may be present in such vascular bundles. 3. Conjoint vascular bundles are always of closed type. Select the answer using the code given below:
(a)1 only
(b)1 and 2 only
(c)2 and 3 only
(d)1, 2 and 3
Q: Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List I (Traveller) P. Seydi Ali Reis Q. Ibn Battuta R. Peter Mundy S. Duarte Barbosa List II (Country) 1. Morocco 2. Turkey 3. Portugal 4. England Code:
(a)P-2 Q-1 R-4 S-3
(b)P-3 Q-4 R-1 S-2
(c)P-3 Q-1 R-4 S-2
(d)P-2 Q-4 R-1 S-3
Q: Which one among the following group of organisms produces their own food?
(a)Autotrophs
(b)Herbivores
(c)Carnivores
(d)Decomposers
Q: Which one of the following is the appropriate sequential order of ecological succession?
(a)Invasion – Nudation – Competition and coaction – Reaction – Stabilization
(b)Nudation – Invasion – Competition and coaction – Reaction – Stabilization
(c)Nudation – Invasion – Reaction – Competition and coaction – Stabilization
(d)Invasion – Nudation – Reaction – Competition and coaction – Stabilization
Q: Which of the following pairs is/are not correctly matched? (Ramsar site) – (State) 1. Kolleru lake – Telangana 2. Satkosia gorge – Odisha 3. Kanji lake – Punjab 4. Pala wetland – Mizoram Select the answer using the code given below:
(a)1 only
(b)1 and 2
(c)2 and 3
(d)4 only
Q: Which of the following tiger reserves is/are not situated in the state of Rajasthan? 1. Mukundra Hills 2. Ramgarh Vishdhari 3. Kawal 4. Bhadra Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a)1 only
(b)1 and 2
(c)3 and 4
(d)4 only
Q: Which one among the following is not in-situ conservation?
(a)Wildlife sanctuary
(b)Botanical garden
(c)Biosphere reserve
(d)National park
Q: Biosphere Reserve Programme was initiated by:
(a)UNEP
(b)WWF
(c)Greenpeace
(d)MAB Programme of UNESCO
Q: Keibul Lamjao National Park is located in which one of the following wetlands?
(a)Chilika Lagoon of Odisha
(b)Loktak Lake of Manipur
(c)Deepor Beel of Assam
(d)Gurudongmar Lake of Sikkim
Q: Which one of the following is the most important stage in the process of ecological succession?
(a)Claim
(b)Acceptance by community members
(c)Reaction
(d)Settlement
Q: What is ecological amplitude?
(a)The range of demands and consequent range of tolerance of a species to the fluctuations in environmental conditions
(b)The range of tolerance of a species in constant environmental conditions
(c)The range of demands of a species in constant environmental conditions
(d)The range of ecological conditions found in a biome
Q: Which one of the following is not observed by the stations operated by the Central Water Commission?
(a)Water level
(b)Silt
(c)Water conservation
(d)Water discharge
Q: Which one of the following ecological adaptations is not dormancy?
(a)Hibernation
(b)Aestivation
(c)Diapause
(d)Cyclomorphosis
Q: According to the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016, the responsibility of waste generators has been fixed for segregation of waste in which of the following streams?
(a)Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes
(b)Metallic and non-metallic wastes
(c)Wet, dry and domestic hazardous wastes
(d)Recyclable and non-recyclable wastes
Q: According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), one of the recent large-scale accidental releases of methane gas into the ocean occurred in
(a)Exxon Valdez
(b)Nord Stream
(c)Deepwater Horizon
(d)Atlantic Empress
Q: Which one of the following mixtures will not have uniform composition?
(a)Oil in water
(b)Sulphur in carbon disulphide
(c)Alcohol in water
(d)Sugar in water
Q: What is the number of moles of carbon in a sample containing 72·06 g of carbon?
(a)4
(b)6
(c)2
(d)8
Q: Which one of the following sets of elements is essential for the production of red blood cells in human body?
(a)Arsenic and zinc only
(b)Iron and zinc only
(c)Arsenic and iron only
(d)Arsenic, iron, lead and zinc
Q: Which of the following major parameters are considered while deriving the Air Quality Index (AQI) of an area in India?
(a)Nitrogen oxide and particulate matter only
(b)Carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide only
(c)Particulate matter and sulphur dioxide only
(d)Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, particulate matter and sulphur dioxide
Q: Earthworm is a well-known example of
(a)saprophage
(b)coprophage
(c)necrophage
(d)geophage
Q: When two species can very well ignore each other totally, each remaining perfectly neutral and causing no advantage or inconvenience to its neighbour, the relationship is termed as
(a)commensalism
(b)amensalism
(c)symbiosis
(d)mutualism
Q: Which one of the following groups contributes the maximum number of species to the biosphere?
(a)Reptiles
(b)Mammals
(c)Insects
(d)Birds
Q: The ultraviolet solar radiations are largely absorbed by
(a)carbon dioxide and nitrogen
(b)oxygen and carbon dioxide
(c)oxygen and ozone
(d)nitrogen and ozone
Q: In a juvenile ecosystem, the zoocenoses are often
(a)monophagous
(b)polyphagous
(c)oligophagous
(d)carnivorous
Q: The most significant 'variable gases' in the atmosphere are
(a)oxygen and carbon dioxide
(b)carbon dioxide and nitrogen
(c)water vapour and carbon dioxide
(d)water vapour and oxygen
Q: Which one of the following important greenhouse gases is not considered to be largely changed in its amount due to human activities?
(a)Water vapour
(b)Carbon dioxide
(c)Chlorofluorocarbon
(d)Methane
Q: Which one of the following greenhouse gases is man-made?
(a)Carbon dioxide
(b)Chlorofluorocarbon
(c)Methane
(d)Nitrous oxide
Q: Which one of the following was recently considered to be a suitable site for introducing African cheetah in India?
(a)Bandhavgarh National Park
(b)Dudhwa National Park
(c)Kuno National Park
(d)Manas National Park
Q: Which one among the following is a peat-producing wetland?
(a)Swamps
(b)Marshes
(c)Bogs
(d)Lakes
Q: The decade of 2021–2030 is declared by the United Nations as the decade on:
(a)Biodiversity
(b)Family Farming
(c)Ecosystem Restoration
(d)Water for Sustainable Development
Q: Which one among the following is NOT a reason for low biodiversity?
(a)Habitat stress
(b)Abundance of ecological niches
(c)Geographical isolation
(d)Dominance by one species
Q: Which one among the following has the highest concentration in the atmosphere?
(a)Argon
(b)Carbon dioxide
(c)Neon
(d)Methane
Q: Naturally occurring greenhouse gases keeps the Earth warmer nearly by:
(a)20 °C
(b)23 °C
(c)30 °C
(d)33 °C
Q: 'Sustainable Development is defined as the development that meets the need of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.' This well accepted definition of sustainable development was put forth in:
(a)Rotterdam Convention
(b)Stockholm Convention
(c)Brundtland Commission
(d)Kyoto Conference
Q: Gause’s competitive exclusion principle states that two species:
(a)can coexist if they occupy the same niche.
(b)cannot coexist if they occupy the same niche.
(c)cannot coexist if they occupy the adjacent niches.
(d)can coexist if they occupy similar niches.
Q: The term wetland implies:
(a)land covered by rain water only.
(b)slow-moving water covered wet ground.
(c)water-logged wet ground.
(d)fast-moving water covered wet ground.
Q: Biodiversity in terms of species richness is maximum in:
(a)natural grasslands.
(b)semi-natural grasslands.
(c)artificial grasslands.
(d)well maintained and watered grasslands.
Q: Which one of the following greenhouse gases is the largest single contributor to anthropogenic radiative forcing?
(a)Methane
(b)Ozone
(c)Nitrous oxide
(d)Carbon dioxide
Q: Which one of the following is the main natural source of Methane?
(a)Wetlands
(b)Belching by cattle
(c)Leakage from pipelines
(d)Burning of wood
Q: Which of the following particulate matters (size based) are notified pollutants in National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)?
(a)PM 10 and PM 3.5
(b)PM 9 and PM 2.5
(c)PM 10 and PM 2.5
(d)PM 5 and PM 3.5
Q: Greenhouse gases are known so as:
(a)they trap heat in the high altitudes.
(b)they act like a greenhouse on the surface of the planet.
(c)the colour of some of the gases emanating from industrial plants are green.
(d)these gases are produced by agricultural crops.
Q: Pursuant to the ratification of Convention on Biological Diversity, India legislated Biodiversity Act in the year:
(a)1992
(b)1994
(c)2002
(d)2014
Q: When 10 g of calcium carbonate is decomposed completely, then 5.6 g of calcium oxide is formed along with the generation of carbon dioxide. Mass of the carbon dioxide formed is:
(a)4.4 g
(b)5.6 g
(c)4.6 g
(d)4.8 g
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