Arrange the following events in chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
I. Rio Earth Summit
II. Publication of Brundtland Commission Report
III. Enforcement of Mo

Question

Arrange the following events in chronological order and select the correct answer from the codes given below:
I. Rio Earth Summit
II. Publication of Brundtland Commission Report
III. Enforcement of Montreal Protocol
IV. Publication of 'The Limits to Growth' Report

UnlockIAS · Accepted Answer

Correct — B, IV-II-III-I. By year: (IV) the Club of Rome's 'The Limits to Growth' was published in 1972; (II) the Brundtland Commission Report 'Our Common Future' was published in 1987; (III) the Montreal Protocol, though adopted in 1987, entered into force (was enforced) on 1 January 1989; and (I) the Rio Earth Summit (UN Conference on Environment and Development) was held in 1992. That sequence is IV, II, III, I.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) Puts the Rio Earth Summit (1992) first, but Rio is actually the last of the four; 'The Limits to Growth' (1972) is the earliest.  (c) Correctly starts with 'The Limits to Growth' (1972) but then places the Montreal Protocol's enforcement (1989) before the Brundtland Report (1987), reversing those two.  (d) Wrongly slots the Rio Summit (1992) second and ends with the Brundtland Report; in reality Brundtland (1987) is early and Rio (1992) is last.

Concept: These four are landmarks in the rise of the sustainable-development and global-environment agenda. 'The Limits to Growth' (1972) warned that unchecked growth would strain planetary limits; the Brundtland Report 'Our Common Future' (1987) popularised the definition of sustainable development; the Montreal Protocol (adopted 1987, in force 1989) began phasing out ozone-depleting substances; and the Rio Earth Summit (1992) produced Agenda 21, the UNFCCC and the Convention on Biological Diversity.

State PCS 2020 Q148 — Environment & Ecology PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2020 Q148 — Environment & Ecology PYQ with Answer