Human Development Report 1997 introduced the concept of Human Poverty Index (HPI) but Human Development Report replaced it with Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in the year

Question

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Correct — C, 2010. The UNDP's Human Development Report introduced the Human Poverty Index (HPI) in 1997. In 2010 the HDR replaced it with the global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) with UNDP support using the Alkire-Foster method. The MPI moved from the HPI's country-average deprivation measure to a household-level count of overlapping deprivations across three dimensions — health, education and standard of living (ten indicators) — identifying who is poor and how many deprivations they suffer at once. So 2010 is the changeover year.

Why the other options are wrong — (a) Wrong — the HPI was still in use in 1999; the MPI did not exist yet. 1999 is only two years after HPI's 1997 launch.  (b) Wrong — no index change occurred in 2005; the HPI remained the HDR's poverty measure until 2010.  (d) Wrong — 2015 is the year the Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) were adopted, not the year MPI replaced HPI; the MPI had already been in the HDR since 2010.

Concept: The UNDP's Human Development Report has tracked poverty beyond income. The Human Poverty Index (HPI, 1997) measured average deprivations in longevity, knowledge and a decent standard of living at the country level. In 2010 it was superseded by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), built by OPHI and UNDP on the Alkire-Foster method, which measures acute poverty at the household level across health, education and living-standard indicators.

State PCS 2020 Q129 — Economy PYQ with Answer

State PCS 2020 Q129 — Economy PYQ with Answer