Skip to main content
UnlockIAS

UPSC Current Affairs

12 topicsDefense & Security: 1Economy: 2Editorial: 1Environment: 1History: 1Mapping: 1Misc: 1Polity: 1Scheme: 1Science & Technology: 2
0/12 done
Polity

1.Indelible Ink in Indian Elections (Election Materials)

Indian Express
Illustration for Indelible Ink in Indian Elections (Election Materials)

What & Where

Indelible ink: silver-nitrate staining liquid applied on voters’ left index finger to block repeat balloting.

Adopted across India in 1962 General Election; still default for Parliament, Assembly, local-body polls.

Produced only at Karnataka’s Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd; formula secured by National Physical Laboratory.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Historical Evolution

  • 1962 adoption created low-cost safeguard against impersonation in huge electorates.
  • 2024: Maharashtra SEC discards marker pens, re-embraces traditional ink for ZP & panchayat samiti polls.

Tech & Chemistry

  • Silver-nitrate penetrates epidermis, forms photo-activated stain impossible to wash with soap or solvents.
  • Standard 10 ml phials cater ~700 voters, enabling cost-efficient large-scale deployment.

Security Dimension

  • Visible mark instantly signals “voted”, deterring multiple voting and boosting electoral credibility.
  • Six decades’ error-free use underpins public trust in India’s free, fair, high-turnout elections.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Introduction in Indian polls1962 (Third General Election)
Exclusive producerMysore Paints & Varnish Ltd, Karnataka PSU
Formula developerCSIR-National Physical Laboratory
Active chemicalSilver nitrate (reacts with keratin + light)
Skin mark visibilityFades in 3–4 days
Nail stain durationPersists 2–4 weeks
Application siteLeft index finger across nail–cuticle
Misc

2.16 January 2026 Current Affairs Digest (Daily Compilation)

NDTV
Illustration for 16 January 2026 Current Affairs Digest (Daily Compilation)

What & Where

Amendment: 2026 guidelines under Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam re-label plantation/afforestation on forest land as “forestry activity”.

Process: Projects executed via approved Working/Management Plans; state forest departments retain control, private entities only implement.

Geography: Applies to all recorded forest lands across Indian states/UTs, especially open & scrub areas (~2.08 lakh sq km).

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • Reclassification removes need for diversion approval, accelerating degraded-land restoration projects.
  • States gain discretion on revenue models, yet central clearance continues for plan approval.
  • CA & NPV waivers signal policy shift towards facilitative, investment-friendly forestry.

Environmental Impact

  • Risk: Monoculture plantations can erode biodiversity, alter hydrology, reduce ecosystem resilience.
  • Opportunity: Large-scale native-species restoration can help meet 33 % green-cover goal & NDC targets.
  • Safeguard: Biodiversity benchmarks and third-party audits recommended for ecological integrity.

Social Concerns

  • Forest-dwelling communities fear curtailed access, FRA consent must precede project sanction.
  • Gram Sabha consultation crucial to balance livelihood rights with restoration economics.
  • Transparent benefit-sharing models can turn locals into project stewards, reducing conflicts.

Implementation Challenges

  • Capacity gap: District forest staff may struggle monitoring multi-stakeholder projects.
  • Data transparency: Need real-time dashboards on species mix, area restored, funds used.
  • Misuse risk: Commercial timber motives could masquerade as restoration without stringent audits.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Parent ActVan (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam 1980
Guideline year re-issuedJanuary 2026
Compensatory AfforestationExempted for plantation/restoration projects
Net Present Value chargeWaived for eligible activities
Eligible implementersGovernment, private, non-government entities
Approval routeState Working/Management Plan vetted by MoEFCC
Land ownershipRemains with Government; no lease transfer
Revenue sharingState-specific frameworks permitted

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, GS1 2023PYQ 1

There is an increase in forest cover area of India between 2011 and 2021. However, there is a decrease in forest cover area of India during the same period in

CDS_GK, GS1 1996PYQ 2

Consider the following programmes:

Economy

3.Convergence of MSME Government Schemes (MSME Schemes)

PIB

What & Where

Definition: MSME = units classified by plant-machinery investment & annual turnover under MSMED Act; new limits from 1 Apr 2025.

Process: NITI Aayog roadmap merges 18+ union-state schemes through information convergence and process convergence on one AI portal.

Geography: Sector footprint nationwide; 51 % units rural, 49 % urban (Oct 2024).

Quick Facts for MCQs

Economic Angle

  • Contribution: MSMEs craft 6,000 products, vital for forex via 45 % export slice.
  • Funding: Convergence pools central-state money, curbs duplication, boosts cost-effectiveness.
  • Scale: Dedicated marketing wing to unlock domestic and global demand.

Governance & Delivery

  • Portal: AI chatbots, dashboards, mobile interface aid real-time compliance, finance, market intel.
  • Tracking: Unified data enables beneficiary mapping, inspection, transparency.
  • SDG-17: Model aligns with multi-stakeholder partnership mandate.

Scheme Rationalisation

  • Cluster: Merge SFURTI into MSE-CDP, earmark funds for traditional crafts.
  • Skills: Three-tier matrix—entrepreneurship, MSME tech, rural-women artisan training.
  • Innovation: Fold ASPIRE into MSME Innovative; reserve budget slice for agro-rural incubators.

Institutional Setup

  • Apex bodies: DC-MSME, KVIC, Coir Board, NSIC, NIMSME, MGIRI anchor implementation.
  • Marketing wing: Domestic arm for national fairs; international arm for overseas B2B, expos.
  • Shared infra: Common testing, raw-material banks, credit facilitation centers to be cross-utilised.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
GDP share of MSMEs27–30 %
Export share≈45 %
Workforce employed62 % of labour force (≈28.1 crore)
Avg growth 2000-168.6 % vs industry 7.6 %
Union outlay FY20₹6,717 cr
Union outlay FY24₹22,094 cr
Udyam registrations3.94 crore
Udyam Assist (IME)2.71 crore
Manufacturing : Services25 % : 75 %
Rural clusters share51 %
Revised norms kick-in1 Apr 2025
Schemes to be converged18+

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GEO_GS, GS1 2021PYQ 1

Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) contribute significantly in the economic and social development of the country. Which of the following measures is / are taken by the Government with respect to MSMEs?

GEO_GS, GS1 2023PYQ 2

Consider the following statements with reference to India:

EconomyQuick Bite

4.Japan Deep-Sea Rare Earth Mining (Deep-Sea Mining)

The Hindu

What & Where

Deep-sea mining – extraction of seabed minerals below 200 m, chiefly polymetallic nodules, seafloor sulphides, cobalt-rich crusts.

Japan’s pilot REE extraction at ~6,000 m near Minami Torishima Island, within its Pacific EEZ, using drilling vessel Chikyu.

Site holds >16 Mt rare-earths, flagged as multi-century source for dysprosium, yttrium critical to EVs, turbines, defence.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Economic Angle

  • Diversification; project aims to curb Japan’s heavy dependence on China-dominated REE supply chain.
  • REEs vital for high-growth sectors: EV batteries, wind turbines, electronics, missiles, increasing strategic value.

Environmental Impact

  • Conservationists warn deep-sea mining may damage fragile, poorly studied marine ecosystems and biodiversity.
  • ISA still finalising exploitation code; absence of rules fuels calls for precautionary pauses.

Tech & Process

  • Extraction uses remotely operated drills, riser pipes to surface recovered mud for shipboard separation.
  • Three principal resource types: nodules, sulphide vents, cobalt crusts each requiring distinct harvesting gear.

Security Dimension

  • REE self-sufficiency viewed as critical for Japan’s defence systems and supply-chain resilience amid geopolitical tensions.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Project countryJapan
Core siteMinami Torishima, Pacific EEZ
Vessel nameChikyu
Targeted depth≈ 6,000 m
REE deposit size> 16 million t
Dysprosium supply≈ 730 years (current demand)
Yttrium supply≈ 780 years
China mining share~66 % of global
China refining share> 90 % of global
Deep-sea definitionWater depth > 200 m
Deep-sea floor share≈ 2⁄3 of Earth’s seafloor
REE group count17 metals
Global regulatorInternational Seabed Authority

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2021PYQ 1

Consider the following statements:

History

5.Tirukkural Ethical Tamil Classic (Tamil Literature)

DD News
Illustration for Tirukkural Ethical Tamil Classic (Tamil Literature)

What & Where

Tirukkural – classical Tamil ethical treatise (1,330 couplets) rooted in Sangam/post-Sangam Tamil Nadu.

Authorship attributed to poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, venerated across South India; memorial linkage to Mylapore, Chennai.

Observed nationwide on Thiruvalluvar Day; text nicknamed “Tamil Veda” for universal, non-sectarian values.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Historical Debate

  • Dating range: earliest 300 BCE, latest 600 CE, absence of firm epigraphs.
  • Locale: strong traditional claim of birth/residence at Mylapore, Chennai.
  • Context: positioned within late Sangam or early post-Sangam literary milieu.

Literary Features

  • Format: each kural two lines, seven metrical feet, extreme concision.
  • Structure: virtue first, then wealth/polity, concludes with love; mirrors Indian purusharthas.
  • Memory aid: aphoristic brevity enabled oral transmission across centuries.

Governance Ideas

  • Statecraft: insists on justice, welfare economics, non-oppressive taxation.
  • Leadership: urges rulers to value counsel, learning, and compassion over force.
  • Administration: promotes meritocracy, public safety, disaster relief responsibilities.

Universal Values

  • Ethics: highlights truth, charity, self-control, gratitude, non-violence.
  • Secularity: avoids direct religious dogma; appeals to all faiths hence “Tamil Veda”.
  • Global reception: translated into 40+ languages, cited by scholars and reformers worldwide.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Total couplets1,330
Chapter count133 (10 kurals each)
Tripartite booksAram, Porul, Inbam
LanguageClassical Tamil
Approximate era300 BCE – 600 CE (debated)
Core themesEthics, polity/economics, love
Observance2nd day of Thai month (Jan) as Thiruvalluvar Day
Environment

6.Amended Forest Conservation Guidelines 2026 (Forest Policy)

DH

What & Where

Amended Forest Conservation Guidelines 2026: MoEFCC circular under Van (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam 1980.

Reclassifies plantations/afforestation on forest land as “forestry activity”, enabling non-government participation under state supervision.

Applies pan-India, chiefly targeting 2.08 lakh sq km degraded open + scrub forests.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • Reclassification tag “forestry activity” removes diversion label under Section 2 of Act.
  • Central approval via Working/Management Plans still mandatory; ensures supervisory hold.
  • States allowed to draft revenue models; guidelines silent on uniform sharing formula.

Financial Implications

  • NPV waiver lowers upfront cost, incentivising private pulp, paper, bio-energy firms.
  • CA exemption removes major budgetary hurdle, easing large-scale plantation bids.
  • Limited public funds supplemented by corporate CSR, green bonds, PPP modes.

Environmental Impact

  • Monoculture risk: eucalyptus, teak could displace native biodiversity, alter hydrology.
  • Loss of ecological valuation: CA/NPV removal weakens internalisation of degradation costs.
  • Need for mixed-species, indigenous benchmarks flagged by experts.

Social Concerns

  • Potential marginalisation of tribal, forest-dwelling communities under FRA if consultations weak.
  • Gram Sabha consent requirement reiterated but monitoring gaps possible.
  • Benefit-sharing ambiguity may bypass traditional users’ livelihood rights.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Amendment yearJanuary 2026
Parent legislationVan (Sanrakshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam 1980
Previous guideline replaced2023 Forest Conservation Guidelines
Degraded forest needing restoration (ISFR 2023)2.08 lakh sq km
National forest/green cover target33 % of land area
Compensatory Afforestation for such plantationsNow exempt
Net Present Value chargeWaived
Control of forest landRemains with government; no ownership transfer
Main private-sector entryPlantations & afforestation on leased/assigned forest land
Key revenue ruleState designs case-specific utilisation & sharing

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 1996PYQ 1

Consider the following programmes:

GS1 2019PYQ 2

Consider the following statements:

Mapping

7.Kruger National Park Flooding Update (National Park)

RT

What & Where

South Africa’s largest, oldest national park; cornerstone of African wildlife conservation and eco-tourism.

Lies in northeastern provinces Limpopo & Mpumalanga; borders Mozambique (east) and Zimbabwe (north).

Part of UNESCO-listed Kruger-to-Canyons Biosphere; habitats span savannah, bushveld, riverine forests.

Quick Facts for MCQs

History & Milestones

  • Proclaimed 1898 to curb unchecked hunting; laid groundwork for modern SA conservation law.
  • 1926 Act merged Sabi & Shingwedzi reserves, creating the first national park.
  • Renaming honoured Paul Kruger’s advocacy for wildlife protection.

Geography & Ecology

  • Ecosystems: mixed woodland savannah, mopane bushveld, riparian forests—support 500+ bird & 140+ mammal species.
  • 360 km longitudinal spread enables north-south biodiversity gradient from arid to wetter zones.
  • River network provides perennial water but heightens flood susceptibility.

Conservation Significance

  • Anti-poaching hub employing rangers, air surveillance, cross-border coordination with Mozambique’s Limpopo NP.
  • Integral to Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park, fostering genetic flow across tri-national landscape.
  • Tourism revenue funds community projects, reinforcing habitat protection.

Disaster & Vulnerability

  • February 2024 deluge caused multiple rivers to breach banks, prompting temporary visitor ban.
  • Climate variability increasing extreme rainfall episodes; adaptive infrastructure and early-warning systems prioritized.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Original nameSabi Game Reserve
Proclaimed as reserve1898
Declared national park1926
NamesakePaul Kruger, ex-President South African Republic
Area≈ 19,623 sq km
North–South length~360 km
Provinces spannedLimpopo, Mpumalanga
International bordersMozambique, Zimbabwe
Major riversLimpopo, Letaba, Olifants, Sabie, Crocodile
Flagship faunaBig Five: lion, leopard, elephant, rhino, buffalo
UNESCO tagPart of Kruger-to-Canyons Biosphere Reserve
Recent event (2024)Flood-triggered closure to day visitors
Science & Technology

8.Project Suncatcher Orbital AI Datacentres (Space Data Centres)

The Hindu
Illustration for Project Suncatcher Orbital AI Datacentres (Space Data Centres)

What & Where

Space-based AI datacentre concept by Google Research, branded Project Suncatcher

Densely clustered satellites in sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit (LEO) for 24×7 solar exposure

Executes energy-hungry AI training/inference on-orbit; only inputs/outputs relayed to Earth

Quick Facts for MCQs

Energy & Environment

  • Uninterrupted sunlight decouples AI power demand from terrestrial grids
  • No land or water footprint, easing datacentre cooling stress
  • Supports sustainable AI scaling amid rising model sizes

Orbital Architecture

  • Dense constellation minimises latency; satellites cross-link before downlinking
  • Sun-synchronous path guarantees constant illumination, avoiding battery mass
  • Modular builds enable incremental fleet enlargement or refresh

Hardware & Networking

  • Radiation-hard TPUs proven to survive multi-year LEO dose levels
  • Petabit optical mesh permits distributed AI workloads akin to terrestrial clusters
  • Minimal Earth bandwidth relative to intra-orbital traffic, lowering ground infra needs

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
DeveloperGoogle Research
Orbit zoneLow-Earth orbit (LEO)
Orbit typeSun-synchronous, continuous daylight
Power sourceDirect solar, no night cycles
Compute chipsRadiation-tolerant TPUs
Inter-satellite bandwidthPetabit-scale optical links
Earth downlinkHandles I/O, not internal cluster traffic
Cooling needVacuum-tailored thermal design, zero water use
Constellation styleDense cluster, not global swarm
Replacement planModular satellite swap-out as units age
Science & TechnologyQuick Bite

9.IMD Automatic Weather Stations Rollout (Automatic Weather Stations)

PIB

What & Where

Automatic Weather Station: unmanned unit auto-records & transmits high-resolution surface weather data round-the-clock.

Urban upgrade: 200 AWS installed for hyper-local forecasting in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai & Pune (Jan 2026).

Nodal agency: India Meteorological Department, Ministry of Earth Sciences, HQ New Delhi.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Tech & Schemes

  • Model Observatory, 3D-printed AWS & Agro-AWS showcase indigenous, low-cost meteorology tech.
  • Network enlarges with Doppler Weather Radars & aerosol monitoring systems.
  • Mission Mausam drives advanced weather science & climate-resilience agenda.

Performance Metrics

  • General forecast skill jumped 40–50 % over 10 years.
  • Cyclone-track precision rose 35–40 %, enhancing evacuation efficacy.
  • Seasonal monsoon forecast error compressed to ~2.5 %.

Disaster Management

  • Dense AWS grid enables street-level alerts for heatwaves, flash floods, urban drainage planning.
  • Continuous, automated data lowers human error and operational costs.
  • Supports aviation, agriculture, public safety decision-making.

Regional Cooperation

  • India supplies weather-disaster satellite data to Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka.
  • Fosters South Asian early-warning interoperability.
  • Bolsters India’s climate-service diplomacy.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Foundation year1875
Current anniversary151st (15 Jan 2026)
AWS added200 units
Target citiesDelhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Pune
Forecast accuracy gain40–50 % (last decade)
Cyclone track gain35–40 %
Seasonal error fall7.5 % → ≈2.5 %
Radar coverage~87 % of India
Ultra-short range windowUp to 3 hours
Parent ministryEarth Sciences

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

NDA_GAT 2025PYQ 1

Which one of the following organisations has completed 150 years of service to the nation in the year 2025?

NDA_GAT 2020PYQ 2

Which one of the following is the oldest scientific department of Government of India?

Editorial

10.WEF Global Risks Report 2026 (WEF Risk Report)

NDTV
Illustration for WEF Global Risks Report 2026 (WEF Risk Report)

What & Where

Global Risks Report 2026 = 21st annual WEF assessment; canvasses government-business-civil society leaders via Global Risks Perception Survey.

Evaluates 33 risks across 2-year (short) and 10-year (long) horizons; tracks economic, environmental, tech, social and security threats.

Coverage global; produced by WEF headquartered Geneva, Switzerland.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Risk Rankings

  • Geoeconomics: Trade wars, sanctions, resource controls identified as highest short-term destabiliser.
  • Environment: Biodiversity loss, Earth-system shifts retreat short term but dominate 10-year horizon.
  • Technology: AI risks surge from 30th to 5th over decade, reflecting governance worries.

India Concerns

  • Trade fragmentation: Weaponised tariffs threaten export growth, push localisation via PLI schemes.
  • Critical minerals: China-centric supply heightens vulnerability; India launching overseas acquisition, Critical Minerals Mission.
  • Labour & misinformation: IT-BPO automation and fake news spur IndiaAI Mission, skilling drives, digital governance.

Policy Prescriptions

  • Multilateralism: WEF urges trust-based cooperation to tame cascading systemic shocks.
  • De-weaponise economics: Call for transparent trade, investment screening to cut retaliation cycles.
  • Resilient infrastructure: Climate-proof assets essential for supply-chain and service continuity.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Latest edition21st (2026)
Survey toolGlobal Risks Perception Survey
Top 2-yr riskGeoeconomic confrontation
Extreme weather 2-yr rank4th (down from 2nd)
Pollution 2-yr rank9th (was 6th)
AI adverse outcomes rank30th (2-yr); 5th (10-yr)
Environmental risks 10-yrBiodiversity loss, Earth-system change in top band
Publisher HQGeneva, Switzerland

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GEO_GS, GS1 2020PYQ 1

According to the Global Climate Risk Index 2020, published by environmental think tank Germanwatch, in the year 2018 India’s rank in the list of top most climate affected nations is:

GEO_GS, GS1 2019PYQ 2

The Global Competitiveness Report is published by the

Defense & SecurityQuick Bite

11.78th Army Day Jaipur Parade (Army Day Parade)

PIB

What & Where

Army Day = annual celebration of 15 Jan 1949 when Field Marshal K M Cariappa became first Indian C-in-C.

78th Parade (2026) held in Jaipur, Rajasthan; 4th time outside Delhi, 1st outside a cantonment.

Emphasis on networking-led, data-centric, AI-enabled warfare and agile formations.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Historical Context

  • 15 Jan marks power transfer from British Gen. Sir Francis Butcher to Cariappa in 1949.
  • Post-2022 policy rotates parades nationwide to widen civil-military connect.

Tech & Systems

  • Drive toward AI tools, cyber resilience, integrated battle management networks.
  • Indigenous 155 mm ATAGS gun, BrahMos missile, Pinaka MBRL headlined equipment display.

Cultural Showcase

  • Performances: Kalbelia & Gair dances, Kerala Chenda drums, martial arts Kalaripayattu, Malkhamb.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Celebration date15 January 2026
Parade edition78th
2026 venueJaipur, Rajasthan
Outside-Delhi count4 (’23 Bengaluru, ’24 Lucknow, ’25 Pune, ’26 Jaipur)
First Indian C-in-CField Marshal K M Cariappa
Current Supreme CommanderPresident of India
2026 theme“Year of Networking and Data Centricity”
Debut formationBhairav Battalion
Active personnel≈ 1.4 million (world’s largest army)
Indigenous kit shownT-90, Arjun, K-9 Vajra, Dhanush, ATAGS, BrahMos, Pinaka, Prabal/Switch/Baaz drones

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, CDS_GK 2024PYQ 1

Who among the following was the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army of independent India?

CAPF_GAI, CDS_GK 2023PYQ 2

Exercise Ajeya Warrior is a biennial training event between the Indian Army and the army of:

Scheme

12.MS Sahoo Committee on NPS (NPS Reforms)

LiveMint

What & Where

National Pension System; market-linked contributory pension regulated by PFRDA across India.

15-member M S Sahoo Committee; permanent advisor on assured-payout rules inside NPS.

NPS Vatsalya; guardian-run NPS account for citizens/NRI/OCI below 18 years.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Regulatory Framework

  • Tasks cover lock-in, pricing, capital, risk norms, tax treatment for guarantees.
  • Focus shifts from exit flexibility to income certainty, echoing Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.
  • Follows 2023 Somanathan report; Unified Pension Scheme eyed for higher payout assurance.

Vatsalya Features

  • Contributions unlimited; gifts accepted; same fund-manager choice as regular NPS.
  • Subscriber at 18–21 may continue Vatsalya, migrate to Tier I, or exit.
  • Withdrawals permitted for education or medical expenses after stipulated period.

Fiscal Context

  • Old Pension System outgo rose from ₹3,272 cr (1990-91) to ₹1.9 lakh cr (2020-21).
  • NPS launched 2004 to cap unfunded liabilities through employee (10%)–government (14%) contributions.
  • Assured-payout design expected to deepen long-term household savings for retirement security.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
RegulatorPension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority
Committee strength15 members
Committee chairM S Sahoo, ex-IBBI
Core mandateDraft legally enforceable, market-based guarantees in NPS
Minor scheme nameNPS Vatsalya
Eligibility age< 18 yrs (citizen/NRI/OCI)
Minimum initial / annual pay-in₹250
Partial withdrawalAfter 3 yrs, max 25 % self-contribution
Mandatory annuity on exit≥ 20 % corpus (Vatsalya)
Full withdrawal limitAllowed if corpus ≤ ₹8 lakh

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

ESE_GS, GS1 2022PYQ 1

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)?

ESE_GS, GS1 2017PYQ 2

Who among the following can join the National Pension System (NPS)?

Ready to practice?

Test your knowledge with our UPSC test series.

Start Free Trial