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GS-2Editorial

1.Debate on Judicial Overreach (Judicial Overreach)

The Hindu
Illustration for Debate on Judicial Overreach (Judicial Overreach)

What & Where

Judicial despotism = courts crossing interpretative role to dictate policy, dilute legislature–executive domain.

Manifest in India via broad use of Art 142, PIL, suo-motu orders, collegium discretion.

Debate revived after SC verdicts on Art 370 abrogation, Governors’ assent delay, Babri, Pegasus, electoral-bonds cases.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Constitutional Provisions

  • Article 142, 370, 129/215 contain broad, undefined phrases enabling judicial discretion.
  • Lack of constitutional limits on collegium or PIL scope magnifies bench latitude.
  • Emergency-era judgments (e.g., Minerva Mills) expanded “basic structure” review.

Drivers of Overreach

  • Legislative/executive inaction or delay invites court intervention (e.g., Governor Bill assent stalemates).
  • Public/media pressure casts judiciary as civil-liberty saviour post-Emergency.
  • Absence of performance or electoral accountability for judges encourages unchecked authority.

Governance & Federal Impact

  • Overreach can stall reforms (NJAC) and blur separation of powers.
  • Potential erosion of state autonomy when SC decisions override elected state choices.
  • Frequent suo-motu PILs reshape policy domains without parliamentary debate.

Reform Measures

  • Restrict Art 142 usage to truly exceptional, law-backed contexts.
  • Make collegium transparent; institute periodic judicial performance reviews.
  • Strengthen legislative diligence to reduce policy vacuums inviting judicial entry.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Core Article enabling overreachArticle 142: “complete justice” power
PIL noveltyLocus standi waived; starts 1980s post-Emergency
Collegium issueSeniority supersession; opaque appointments
Struck-down reform99th CAA + NJAC Act, 2015
Policy directions without statuteCrackers ban, mob-lynching guidelines
Federal flashpointRefusal to restore full J&K statehood
Contempt power sourceArticles 129 & 215

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, GS1 2019PYQ 1

With reference to the Constitution of India, prohibitions or limitations or provisions contained in ordinary laws cannot act as prohibitions or limitations on the constitutional powers under Article 142. It could mean which one of the following?

CAPF_GAI, GS1 2023PYQ 2

भारत के संविधान के अनुच्छेद 226 के अधीन उच्च न्यायालयों की शक्तियों के संबंध में निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा/कौन-सा सही नहीं है ?

GS-3Economy

2.Record Gold Price Drivers (Gold Price Drivers)

Indian Express
Illustration for Record Gold Price Drivers (Gold Price Drivers)

What & Where

Gold rate = prevailing domestic bullion price quoted per 10 g on MCX and retail counters across India

Price has breached ₹1,00,000 per 10 g, pushed by global stagflation fears, US-China tensions, central-bank buying

Indian quotes track international USD price adjusted for rupee value, 12.5 % customs duty, 3 % GST

Quick Facts for MCQs

Price Determinants

  • International-rate; London spot & COMEX prices set base for Indian bullion
  • Exchange-rate; Rupee depreciation raises landed cost of imported gold
  • Government-levies; Customs duty, GST, cess directly inflate retail price

Market Mechanics

  • MCX-futures; Benchmark contract guides jewellers’ daily quotes and hedging strategies
  • Supply-channel; Banks/nominated agencies import 999 purity bars, feed refiners and wholesalers
  • Purity-differentials; 24K bullion, 22K ornaments plus making charges dictate final consumer invoice

Economic Impact

  • Current-account; Heavier bullion imports widen trade deficit, strain forex reserves
  • Inflation-sentiment; Rising gold viewed as hedge, often signals weak trust in fiat assets
  • Household-demand; Elevated prices curb new jewellery buying, encourage recycling of old ornaments

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Quotation unit10 grams
Historic MCX high> ₹1 lakh/10 g
Core domestic exchangeMulti Commodity Exchange (MCX)
Key 2024 driverGlobal stagflation concern
Basic customs duty12.5 %
Additional GST on jewellery3 %
Major institutional buyerReserve Bank of India
Seasonal demand peaksAkshaya Tritiya & weddings

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, GS1 2020PYQ 1

स्वर्ण का मूल्य उसके भार के भ्रम के अनुसार प्रायः परिवर्तित होता है। 1 स्वर्ण के एक टुकड़े का निर्मल वजन 20 डेसिग्राम है, की कीमत ₹1,000 है। यदि यह दो टुकड़ों में टूट जाता है जिनके वजन 2 : 3 के अनुपात में हैं, तो लाभ या हानि कितना होगा?

CAPF_GAI, GS1 2016PYQ 2

What is/are the purpose/purposes of Government's 'Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme' and 'Gold Monetization Scheme'?

GS-3Economy

3.Non-Tariff Barriers in Trade (Trade Barriers)

DH

What & Where

Definition: trade restrictions other than customs duties that obstruct cross-border movement of goods/services

Key types: complex registration, stringent product standards, import licensing, state trading monopolies, technical barriers to trade

Geography: Flagged during US Vice-President’s Jaipur visit urging India to relax NTBs on American exports

Quick Facts for MCQs

Economic Angle

  • Cost: Mandatory testing, certification and redesign inflate shipment expenses
  • Delay: Layered inspections and paperwork prolong port clearance, raising inventory costs
  • Competitiveness: Compliance burden erodes price advantage of developing-country MSMEs

Legal & Policy

  • Strategy: NTBs protect domestic sectors without breaching WTO tariff bindings
  • Transparency: Opaque or complex rules violate WTO notification obligations
  • Dispute: Arbitrary, non-scientific NTBs challengeable under WTO settlement mechanism

International Examples

  • Appeal: US Vice-President in Jaipur pushed India to dismantle NTBs limiting American goods
  • Sectors: Food safety and pharma quality orders cited as prominent Indian NTBs
  • Trade balance: NTB reduction could boost US export share in Indian market

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Core definitionRestriction other than customs duty
Key technical toolsCertification, labelling, quality control orders
Key non-technical toolsQuotas, import licensing, state trading monopolies
Exporter cost impactTesting, documentation, redesign expenses rise
Primary logistical impactPort delays from multi-layer inspections
WTO fairness testMeasures must be transparent, science-based
GS-1History

4.Gita & Natyashastra Join MoW Register (UNESCO MoW Entries)

Indian Express

What & Where

UNESCO Memory of the World Register: global list safeguarding documentary heritage, biennial updates since 1992

2025 Indian additions: Bhagavad Gita (Mahabharata, Bhishma Parva) & Natyashastra (Sage Bharata’s treatise)

Core geography: Texts composed in ancient Indian subcontinent, influential across South Asia’s cultural sphere

Quick Facts for MCQs

Textual Highlights

  • Bhagavad Gita themes: Dharma, Karma, Bhakti, Jnana, Karma Yoga foundation
  • Natyashastra scope: drama, dance, music, stagecraft, aesthetics

UNESCO Programme

  • Objective: preserve manuscripts, oral traditions, audiovisuals, archives of global significance
  • Update cycle: Biennial; national committees propose, International Advisory Committee approves

Cultural Impact

  • Gita: Guiding text for Indian philosophy, freedom movement, modern self-help discourse
  • Natyashastra: Rulebook for classical performances, codifies eight Rasas shaping Indian aesthetics

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
MoW launch year1992
Total MoW entries (current)570
Indian MoW additions 2025Bhagavad Gita, Natyashastra
Bhagavad Gita length~700 shlokas
Gita dialogue participantsArjuna & Krishna
Philosophies synthesised by GitaVedic, Buddhist, Jain, Charvaka
Natyashastra length~36,000 verses
Central Natyashastra conceptRasa (aesthetic essence)
Key Natyashastra techniquesAbhinaya, Bhava, Rasa
Classical arts influencedBharatanatyam, Kathak, Kathakali
Other Indian MoW entriesRig Veda 2005, Abhinavagupta 2023, NAM Summit 2023

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1, NDA_GAT 2008PYQ 1

Recently, the manuscripts of which one of the following have been included in the UNESCO's Memory of World Register?

GS1, NDA_GAT 2025PYQ 2

Which dance form of India has been inscribed into UNESCO’s Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity?

GS-1Mapping

5.Sea of Marmara Overview (Turkish Inland Sea)

IT

What & Where

Inland sea in north-western Turkey, fully within national borders, separating European Thrace from Asian Anatolia.

Connects Black Sea (via Bosphorus Strait) to Aegean Sea (via Dardanelles Strait); key link in Turkish Straits System.

Sits atop North Anatolian Fault, a major tectonic line driving frequent, powerful earthquakes.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Seismic Dimension

  • Faultline proximity causes recurrent high-magnitude tremors, latest 6.2 M injuring 230+.
  • Earthquake risk concentrated around densely populated Istanbul corridor.
  • North Anatolian Fault part of broader Anatolian Plate escape tectonics.

Hydrology & Salinity

  • Freshwater inflows from Biga, Gonen, Susurluk dilute surface salinity, creating stratified water layers.
  • Exchange currents through Bosphorus/Dardanelles regulate nutrient and pollutant dispersion.

Settlements & Transport

  • Istanbul straddles both shores, leveraging Straits System for global maritime traffic.
  • Coastal industrial hubs Izmit & Bursa heighten disaster-management importance along fault zone.

Islands & Resources

  • Marmara Island supplies historically famed marble; name “Marmara” derives from Greek mármaron (marble).
  • Prince Islands serve tourism, exile history, and ecological buffer for Istanbul metropolis.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Waterbody typeSmall inland sea
Connecting straitsBosphorus, Dardanelles
Seas linkedBlack Sea ↔ Aegean Sea
Continents bridgedEurope & Asia
Within which countryEntirely Turkey
Notable coastal cityIstanbul
Other coastal citiesIzmit, Bursa, Balikesir, Yalova, Tekirdag, Çanakkale
Main river inflowsBiga, Gonen, Susurluk
Surface salinityLowered by river inflow
Geological age≈ 2.5 million years
Tectonic settingOver North Anatolian Fault
Recent quake magnitude6.2 (Sea of Marmara epicentre)
Quake injuries> 230 (stampedes, falls)
Major islandsMarmara, Prince Islands, Avşa, Imrali, Paşalimani
Resource noteMarmara Island rich in marble

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2014PYQ 1

Turkey is located between

GS-1Mapping

6.Pahalgam Valley Overview (Lidder Valley)

News on Air
Illustration for Pahalgam Valley Overview (Lidder Valley)

What & Where

Pahalgam: hill town (2,200 m), Anantnag district, on Lidder River within Kashmir Valley, J&K (UT)

Kashmir Valley: fertile intermontane basin 33°–35° N, 73°–76° E, ringed by Pir Panjal & Greater Himalayas

Lidder River: snow-fed Jhelum tributary bifurcating into East & West Lidder near Pahalgam

Quick Facts for MCQs

Physical Geography

  • Terrain: volcanic, limestone formations plus snow-clad Himalayan flanks
  • Plains: deep alluvium enables high agricultural density
  • Biodiversity: Western Himalaya hotspot status enhances conservation value

Tourism & Pilgrimage

  • Activities: trekking to Aru Valley, Baisaran Hills; winter snow sports and river vistas
  • Icons: houseboats, shikara rides, saffron fields make valley year-round draw

Security Dimension

  • Recent incident: tourist killings in Pahalgam triggered heightened valley-wide security layers
  • Strategic value: river systems, climate sensitivity and dense population tie security to ecological stability

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Pahalgam altitude~2,200 m
Parent districtAnantnag
Main river at townLidder
Lidder joinsJhelum
Valley typeIntermontane
Valley coordinates33°–35° N, 73°–76° E
South-west rimPir Panjal Range
North-east rimGreater Himalayas
Jhelum sourceVerinag spring
Major pilgrimage baseAmarnath Yatra

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI 2023PYQ 1

The annual Kheer Bhawani Mela is organized at:

GS-3Environment

7.Global Coral Bleaching Crisis (Mass Bleaching Event)

Down to Earth

What & Where

Definition — Thermal stress forces corals to expel zooxanthellae, turning tissues white and energy-starved.

Process — Bleaching risk now graded Alert 1–5; Levels 3–5 imply >80 % mortality.

Geography — Pacific, Atlantic, Indian reefs hit; Great Barrier Reef, Lakshadweep, Raja Ampat, Red Sea all affected.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Causes

  • Warming SST; climate change plus strong El Niño drive extreme marine heatwaves.
  • Acidification; rising CO₂ lowers pH, hinders coral calcification strength.
  • Local stressors; pollution, sediment load, overfishing weaken coral-algae balance.

Consequences

  • Biodiversity loss; repeated bleaching pushes reefs beyond recovery tipping points.
  • Food & income hit; collapsing fisheries threaten coastal livelihoods.
  • Coastal exposure; degraded reefs reduce storm-surge and erosion buffering.

Mitigation & Management

  • Emission cuts; honour 1.5 °C Paris target to limit future heat stress.
  • Protection; expand MPAs, regulate fishing, curb runoff for local resilience.
  • Monitoring; deploy citizen science and AI tools for real-time reef health tracking.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Global reefs affected (2025)83.7 % under bleaching-level heat stress
Alert scale updateNOAA added Levels 3–5 (>80 % mortality)
Great Barrier Reef events6 mass bleachings since 1998; last in 2023–24
2023 thermal anomalySST peaked 1.5 °C above pre-industrial
Coral biodiversity share≈ 33 % of all marine species
Human dependence~1 billion people rely on reef goods & jobs
Ecosystem service value≈ US $375 billion annually
Resilient zones impactedRaja Ampat, Red Sea experienced bleaching

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1, NDA_GAT 2021PYQ 1

Keppel Island is completely bleached mainly due to the expansion of

GS1, NDA_GAT 2014PYQ 2

The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should not exceed 2 °C above the pre-industrial level. If the global temperature increases beyond 3 °C above the pre-industrial level, what can be its possible impact/impacts on the world?

GS-3S&T

8.Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (Indigenous Helicopter)

The Hindu
Illustration for Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (Indigenous Helicopter)

What & Where

Dhruv Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH): twin-engine, multi-role utility chopper, indigenously designed by HAL, Bengaluru.

Operates pan-India; recent flight resumption at Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir after Jan 2025 crash-grounding.

Variants: military (Mk-I to Mk-IV, incl. weapon-integrated Rudra) and civilian/Coast Guard versions.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Tech & Design

  • Composite build lowers weight, boosts fuel efficiency, corrosion resistance.
  • Shakti engines give better high-altitude hover versus older Turbomeca TM-333.
  • Electro-optical pod adds FLIR, laser range-finder, health monitoring.

Operational Roles

  • Swift troop/gear insertion in forward, mountainous or maritime zones.
  • Disaster relief: winch-based SAR, underslung supply sorties during floods, quakes.
  • CASEVAC layout carries 2 stretchers plus medical attendants.

Security Dimension

  • Indigenous platform cuts helicopter import dependence for Army, IAF, Navy, Coast Guard.
  • Post-crash flight clearance involved stringent joint HAL-Services safety audit.
  • Weaponised Rudra variant enhances close-air support without needing foreign attack helos.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
DeveloperHindustan Aeronautics Limited with early MBB (Germany) help
Engines2 × Shakti/Turbomeca-HAL Ardiden-1H turboshafts
CockpitFull glass, digital avionics, moving map
Airframe materialCarbon-fibre/kevlar composites on fuselage & rotor blades
Protection suiteChaff, flares, IR suppressor integrated
Engine controlFADEC for precise power management
Weapon fit (Rudra)20 mm turret gun, 70 mm rockets, air-to-air missiles
Key missionsTroop lift, SAR, CASEVAC, VIP, underslung load
High-altitude recordOperable beyond 20,000 ft, Siachen proven
Grounding episodeFleet halted Jan 2025 after fatal crash; flights now cleared

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2008PYQ 1

In the context of the Indian defence, what is ‘Dhruv’?

GS-3S&T

9.AI-Based Weather Forecasting Initiatives (AI Weather Forecast)

The Hindu
Illustration for AI-Based Weather Forecasting Initiatives (AI Weather Forecast)

What & Where

AI-based weather forecasting = application of ML algorithms on multi-source meteorological data to predict patterns, extremes.

Mission Mausam (2024, MoES) modernises Indian forecasting; executed by IMD, IITM, NCMRWF.

Coverage: 37 Doppler radars, 450-city Mausam app, planned 2 lakh+ WINDS stations across India.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Tech & Schemes

  • WINDS planning 200 k ground stations generating hyper-local data for agriculture, disaster response.
  • AI/ML Centre Pune targets short-range rainfall, Doppler nowcasting, high-res urban datasets.
  • Supercomputers Pratyush, Mihir supply petaflop power for 12 km or finer climate models.

Operational Status

  • Infrastructure: 37 Doppler radars already enhancing real-time mesoscale monitoring.
  • Mausam app issues five-day forecasts, colour-coded alerts for 450 urban centres.
  • AI monsoon model delivers 61.9 % success, enabling months-ahead rainfall guidance.

Challenges

  • Data sparsity, inconsistent quality hinder robust AI training, especially in remote belts.
  • Cross-disciplinary skill shortage limits model development, interpretability, user trust.
  • Inadequate GPU clusters outside top institutes curtail high-resolution, rapid inference.

Way Forward

  • Hybrid AI-physics models proposed to blend pattern recognition with atmospheric equations.
  • Crowdsourcing via apps, private sensors envisaged for granular heat, rainfall inputs.
  • Global tie-ups with Google, NASA and annual DST–MoES trainings to seed talent pipeline.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Launch year – Mission Mausam2024
Nodal ministryMinistry of Earth Sciences
Implementing agenciesIMD + IITM + NCMRWF
Ground stations planned (WINDS)> 2,00,000
Operational Doppler radars37
Mausam app city coverage450 cities
AI monsoon model accuracy61.9 % (2002-22)
Supercomputers deployedPratyush & Mihir
AI/ML Centre locationPune

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI, NDA_GAT 2022PYQ 1

Nisarga, Gati, Nivar, Tauktae and Yaas are names of

CAPF_GAI, NDA_GAT 2023PYQ 2

What are Airawat, Param Siddhi, Pratyus and Mihir?

GS-2Security

10.Indus Waters Treaty Suspension (Indus Treaty)

Times of India
Illustration for Indus Waters Treaty Suspension (Indus Treaty)

What & Where

Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) 1960: World Bank-brokered water-sharing pact between India & Pakistan over the Indus basin.

Allocation: Eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India; Western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) largely to Pakistan.

2024: India suspends IWT cooperation post-Pahalgam terror attack until Pakistan ends cross-border terrorism.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • Suspension marks first use of coercive step; treaty text lacks explicit termination clause
  • Dispute pathways include Permanent Indus Commission, Neutral Expert, Court of Arbitration under Annexures F & G

Security Dimension

  • Trigger Pahalgam terror attack killing 26 Indian tourists by Pakistan-based militants
  • India links resumption to Pakistan irrevocably ending support for cross-border terror
  • Move intended to strengthen bargaining leverage during any future dialogue

Economic Angle

  • Punjab & Sindh irrigation risk; wheat, cotton yields tied to Indus waters
  • Water shock may exacerbate Pakistan’s rural instability amid 23 % GDP agri reliance
  • India faces minimal immediate gain due to limited diversion infrastructure

Hydrological Management

  • India can store water on western rivers within treaty limits
  • Planned halt of real-time hydrological data sharing and field inspections
  • Reservoir flushing envisaged to extend life of Kishenganga, Ratle projects

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Signing date19 Sept 1960
SignatoriesJawaharlal Nehru & Ayub Khan
BrokerWorld Bank
River allocationEast to India; West to Pakistan
Exit clauseNone; treaty perpetual
Current statusIndia-announced suspension, 2024
CCS measures5, incl. data halt, inspection curb
Pakistan water dependence≈80 % Indus flows from India side
Agriculture share in Pak GDP23 %; supports 68 % rural populace

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, GS1 2025PYQ 1

Which of the following statements about the Indus Waters Treaty is/are correct?

CDS_GK, GS1 2009PYQ 2

Consider the following statements :

GS-2Misc

11.SAARC Visa Exemption Suspension (SAARC Visa Scheme)

BT
Illustration for SAARC Visa Exemption Suspension (SAARC Visa Scheme)

What & Where

SAARC Visa Exemption Scheme: regional mechanism allowing select categories visa-free travel via SAARC Sticker.

Operational process: home government issues annual sticker; holder gets multiple entries to other SAARC states.

Geography: all 8 SAARC members—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Eligibility & Validity

  • Coverage: dignitaries, MPs, judges, journalists, sportspersons, business leaders, senior officials etc.
  • Purpose: official duty, business, cultural exchange, journalism, regional events; excludes casual tourism.
  • Renewal: fresh sticker needed each calendar year.

India-Specific Rules

  • Nepal, Bhutan nationals always visa-exempt for India outside SVES framework.
  • Pakistani holders earlier restricted to 10–15 notified Indian cities; post-2015 special 3-yr business option.
  • July 2024 Pahalgam attack prompted India to suspend Pakistani access under SVES.

Security Dimension

  • Member states reserve right to deny entry at port despite sticker.
  • Scheme rests on trust, not legally binding treaty; security override paramount.
  • Suspension/revocation can be immediate, unilateral, without SAARC consensus.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Proposed at4th SAARC Summit, Islamabad 1988
Official launch1992
Covered nations8 SAARC members
Eligible categories24 professions/designations
Sticker validity1 year, multiple entries
Tourism allowedNo; only official/business/cultural etc.
India visa-free entrantsCitizens of Nepal & Bhutan
Pakistani participationEarlier limited; suspended by India July 2024
Suspension clauseUnilateral, security/public order
Document typeSAARC Visa Exemption Sticker affixed on passport
GS-2SchemeQuick Bite

12.National Panchayati Raj Day Awards (Panchayat Awards)

PIB
Illustration for National Panchayati Raj Day Awards (Panchayat Awards)

What & Where

National Panchayati Raj Day; annual 24 April observance across India honouring grassroots self-governance.

Marks 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992 that constitutionally empowered Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs).

Ministry of Panchayati Raj confers National Panchayat Awards mapped to nine Localization-of-SDG (LSDG) themes.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • 73rd Amendment; 1992 Act gave constitutional status, devolution mandate to PRIs.
  • National Panchayati Raj Day instituted 2010 to popularise rural decentralisation ethos.
  • Awards institutionalised via Ministry guidelines, align PRI work with SDG localisation.

Award Categories

  • Nine LSDG-linked awards plus three Special Category accolades introduced for 2025 cycle.
  • Deen Dayal Upadhyay Puraskar; top 3 GPs under every LSDG theme annually.
  • Nanaji Deshmukh repeat badge for any GP shortlisted in consecutive award years.

Performance Metrics

  • Best Participant honour to States/UTs ensuring >90 % Gram Panchayat data submission.
  • Atma Nirbhar award incentivises Own-Source Revenue augmentation, fostering fiscal autonomy.
  • All awards carry financial grants, custom trophies and certificates to scale replicable models.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Observatory date24 April (since 2010)
Constitutional source73rd Amendment Act 1992
Administering ministryMinistry of Panchayati Raj
LSDG themes9
SDGs addressedAll 17
Special Category 2025Atma Nirbhar, Climate Action, Panchayat Kshamta Nirmaan
Atma Nirbhar criterionTop 3 GPs boosting Own-Source Revenue
Climate Action criterionGPs advancing net-zero & renewables
Nanaji Deshmukh PuraskarBest Gram, Block, District Panchayats overall
Best Participant awardStates/UTs with >90 % GP participation

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1, NDA_GAT 2022PYQ 1

Panchayati Raj Institutions are primarily the institutions of

GS1, NDA_GAT 2000PYQ 2

The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act, 1992 refers to the

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