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12 topicsGS-1: 2GS-2: 6GS-3: 4
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GS-2Polity

1.National Green Tribunal Mandate and Limits (Environmental Tribunal)

New Indian Express

What & Where

Specialised judicial tribunal for speedy environmental dispute resolution in India

Constituted 18 Oct 2010 via National Green Tribunal Act 2010

Principal Bench New Delhi; circuit benches Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Chennai

Quick Facts for MCQs

Jurisdiction & Limits

  • Coverage: Water Act 1974, Air Act 1981, EPA 1986, FC Act 1980, Biodiversity Act 2002
  • Exclusion: wildlife crimes, forest offences, community rights handled by regular courts
  • Appeals: hears challenges to environmental clearances, SPCB directives, benefit-sharing orders

Governance Structure

  • Composition: Chairperson, Judicial Members, Expert Members with eco-science specialisation
  • Appointment: Central Govt selects Chairperson after CJI consultation
  • Experts: require experience in forestry, pollution control, environmental science

Powers & Principles

  • Relief: awards compensation and restitution for pollution or hazardous substance accidents
  • Enforcement: imposes penalties, orders restoration, monitors compliance with its rulings
  • Efficiency: six-month disposal goal reduces burden on High Courts & Supreme Court

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Legal basisNational Green Tribunal Act 2010
Establishment date18 October 2010
MandateEnvironmental protection; relief & compensation
Key jurisdictionCivil cases under Schedule I eco-laws
Excluded ActsWLPA 1972, Indian Forest 1927, FRA 2006
Appeal powerECs, pollution orders, biodiversity disputes
Chairperson eligibilityRetired SC Judge/HC Chief Justice
Appointing authorityCentral Govt + consultation with CJI
Adjudication timelineTarget within 6 months
Procedural guideNatural justice; CPC not binding
Core principlesPolluter pays, precautionary, no-fault liability

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2018PYQ 1

How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?

GS1 2012PYQ 2

The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 was enacted in consonance with which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India?

GS-2Polity

2.Supreme Court-Mandated Central Empowered Committee (Environmental Oversight)

Indian Express

What & Where

Central Empowered Committee (CEC); Supreme Court-constituted body ensuring compliance with forest, wildlife, environment orders across India.

Set up 2002 via T.N. Godavarman case; granted statutory stature in 2023 through MoEFCC notification.

Functions pan-India; submits field-based, independent reports directly to the Supreme Court.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • Supreme Court stayed Cabinet Secretariat’s review move; insists prior assent needed for any CEC dissolution.
  • Cabinet Secretariat asked MoEFCC to route issue to Law Commission citing “strong, fully functional” NGT.

Institutional Structure

  • Experts drawn respectively from environment, forest, wildlife domains; civil-servant Member Secretary coordinates.
  • Provides on-ground inspections, invites petitions from aggrieved parties, submits sealed reports to SC bench.

CEC vs NGT

  • NGT: quasi-judicial tribunal hearing original applications under Water, Air, Forest, EP Acts.
  • CEC: technical compliance arm for SC; no adjudicatory power, focuses on monitoring & factual verification.

Key Interventions

  • Recommendations led to Goa’s first tiger reserve declaration.
  • Aided regulation of tourism in Sariska and curbed illegal mining in the Aravallis.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Creation year2002
Foundational caseT.N. Godavarman v. Union of India (1995-ongoing)
Statutory backing since2023 (MoEFCC notification)
Dissolution powerOnly with Supreme Court approval
CompositionChairperson + 3 expert members + Member Secretary
Member selectorMinistry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
Core mandateMonitor SC order compliance; fact-finding; encroachment & compensatory afforestation oversight
NatureAdvisory/monitoring; non-adjudicatory
Parallel body flaggedNational Green Tribunal (NGT), est. 2010
Key cases aidedMhadei Tiger Reserve, Sariska tourism cap, Aravalli mining, Hyderabad tree-felling

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2018PYQ 1

How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?

GS-2Polity

3.Passive Euthanasia Constitutional Framework (Right to Die)

Indian Express

What & Where

Euthanasia: intentional hastening of death to avoid incurable suffering; two forms—active intervention, passive treatment withdrawal

Passive euthanasia legality: permitted by Supreme Court under strict two-board medical review inside India

Geography glance: full legality of active plus assisted suicide only in Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg; Switzerland allows assisted only

Quick Facts for MCQs

Legal & Policy

  • BNS 2023: deliberate life-ending act tagged culpable homicide or murder under Sections 100-101
  • Law Commission 241st Report 2012: competent patient may refuse life support; doctor shielded from abetment charges
  • Supreme Court views passive euthanasia within dignified life ambit; active remains illegal

Judicial Benchmarks

  • Gian Kaur 1996: apex court rejected right to die, upheld sanctity of life
  • Aruna Shanbaug 2011: court allowed passive euthanasia under stringent safeguards for non-competent patients
  • Common Cause 2018: affirmed living wills, mandated two-board scrutiny, recognised dignified death as fundamental right

International Examples

  • Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg permit both euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide under unbearable suffering clause
  • Switzerland allows assisted suicide even by non-physicians; active euthanasia prohibited
  • Australian states sanction both methods for terminal adults with decision capacity

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Constitution articleArticle 21
SC modification year2023
Primary board sizeHead + 3 experts
Experience needed≥5 years
Secondary board size3 experts
Opinion time limit48 hours
Active euthanasia IndiaIllegal (BNS 2023)
PVS meaningPersistent Vegetative State

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CAPF_GAI 2021PYQ 1

मेनका गांधी बनाम भारत संघ केस, 1978 के सन्दर्भ में, निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन सही है?

GS-3Economy

4.IMF Flags Weak National Accounts Data (National Accounts)

DC
Illustration for IMF Flags Weak National Accounts Data (National Accounts)

What & Where

India’s National Accounts Statistics (NAS): MoSPI’s GDP-centric macro dataset compiled under UN-SNA 2008.

IMF Article IV 2024 review graded NAS ‘C’ for methodological quality, CPI ‘B’ for adequacy.

Covers entire Indian economy—agriculture, industry, services, households—reported at current and 2011-12 constant prices.

Quick Facts for MCQs

IMF Assessment

  • Grade ‘C’ denotes regular availability but weak cross-country comparability and surveillance strength.
  • IMF urges better modelling, stronger seasonal adjustment, fuller informal-sector capture.
  • India among few G20 members below ‘B’ on NAS quality.

Methodological Gaps

  • Outdated 2011-12 base skews current consumption and production representation.
  • Reliance on WPI deflators distorts real GDP without comprehensive PPI coverage.
  • Limited seasonal adjustment obscures true quarterly growth momentum.

NAS Structure

  • Income approach primary: wages, profits, mixed income aggregated to national output.
  • Expenditure approach supplementary: C + I + G + (X-M) cross-checks totals.
  • Sectoral GVA compiled for agriculture, industry, services at current and constant prices.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
IMF grade for NAS‘C’
IMF grade for CPI‘B’
Present NAS base year2011-12
Compilation standardUN SNA-2008
Primary GDP approachIncome method
Key deflators usedWholesale Price Index
Missing price seriesFull Producer Price Index
Noted data issueProduction–expenditure gap
Seasonal adjustmentLimited for quarterly GDP

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, GS1 2000PYQ 1

The new Gross Domestic Product (GDP) series released by the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) in February 1999 is with reference to base price of

CDS_GK, GS1 2024PYQ 2

निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा कथन, भारत के लिए राष्ट्रीय आय लेखांकन के संबंध में सही नहीं है?

GS-1History

5.Jyotiba Phule Social Reform Legacy (Social Reformers)

News on AIR

What & Where

Identity: Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, 1827-1890, Maharashtrian social reformer titled Mahatma

Focus: fought caste hierarchy, women’s oppression, peasant exploitation across Bombay Presidency

Platform: operated via Satyashodhak Samaj, schools, newspapers, folk dramas centred in Pune

Quick Facts for MCQs

Reform Initiatives

  • Anti-caste: founded Satyashodhak Samaj challenging Brahminical dominance
  • Women: led barbers’ strike, promoted widow remarriage, opened shelters for widows & orphans
  • Political: backed British rule to unsettle caste order; labelled 1857 revolt elite power tussle

Educational Contributions

  • Girls’ education: opened first girls’ school at Pune 1848
  • Adult literacy: started night schools 1855 for workers, farmers, women
  • Mentorship: enabled Savitribai Phule to become India’s first woman teacher

Literary Works

  • Gulamgiri: equated caste oppression with slavery, printed 1873
  • Shetkaryacha Asud: exposed peasant exploitation; Sarvajanik Satya Dharma preached rational faith
  • Tritiya Ratna & Shivaji Powada: lampooned priestcraft, reimagined Shivaji as non-Brahmin hero

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Birth–Death1827–1890
RegionPune, Maharashtra
Honorific yearMahatma title 1888
InspirationThomas Paine’s Rights of Man
OrganisationSatyashodhak Samaj 1873
First girls’ schoolPune 1848
Night schools1855 initiative
Landmark workGulamgiri

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1, NDA_GAT 2022PYQ 1

The Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-Seeking Society) was set up by

GS1, NDA_GAT 2020PYQ 2

Who among the following was associated with the publication of the first Marathi newspaper for the depressed classes, ‘Din Bandhu’?

GS-1Mapping

6.Cyclones Ditwah and Senyar Paths (Tropical Cyclones)

ITV
Illustration for Cyclones Ditwah and Senyar Paths (Tropical Cyclones)

What & Where

Cyclone Ditwah: tropical cyclonic storm, born in southwest Bay of Bengal; moving toward Tamil Nadu–Andhra–Puducherry coast.

Cyclone Senyar: low near Malaysia/Strait of Malacca intensified over South Andaman Sea, later weakened but boosted South-Indian rains.

Retreating southwest monsoon (Oct–Nov) turns Bay of Bengal into a cyclogenesis hotspot via warm SST, low shear, ITCZ shift.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Cyclone Characteristics

  • Intensification: Ditwah showed rapid deepening; Senyar upgraded from low-pressure to cyclone before decay.
  • Trajectory: Ditwah steering west-northwest toward southeast India; Senyar stalled then dissipated over Strait of Malacca.
  • Moisture feed: Senyar remnants injected humidity into Bay systems, amplifying coastal rainfall belts.

Climatology Drivers

  • Warm-surface waters: Latent-heat release from 28 °C+ SST powers vigorous convection and vortex spin-up.
  • ITCZ & monsoon trough: Southward migration concentrates convergence, vorticity over central–southwest Bay in withdrawal phase.
  • Shear window: Reduced upper-level wind shear in early post-monsoon allows vertical stacking of nascent storms.

Regional Impact

  • South-India rainfall: IMD warns very heavy showers over Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Puducherry, Kerala.
  • Andaman & Nicobar: Islands received intense rainbands as Senyar peaked nearby.
  • Marine advisories: Fisherfolk cautioned across Bay, Gulf of Mannar, Comorin Sea during storm passage.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Ditwah basinSouthwest Bay of Bengal
Ditwah naming countryYemen
Ditwah intensificationDepression → cyclonic storm in < 24 h
Senyar origin zoneSouth Andaman Sea–Strait of Malacca
Senyar naming countryUnited Arab Emirates
Peak retreat-monsoon cyclone monthsOctober–November
Bay SST during season28–30 °C or higher
Typical wind-shear Oct–NovLow, conducive for organisation
Bay vs Arabian SeaBay more cyclone-prone due warmer, stratified waters

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1, NDA_GAT 2022PYQ 1

Nisarga, Gati, Nivar, Tauktae and Yaas are names of

GS1, NDA_GAT 1999PYQ 2

Which one of the areas marked as A, B, C and D in the given figure of the cyclone, witnesses heavy torrential short-duration rainfall accompanied by thunderstorms?

GS-3S&T

7.Auramine O Illegal Food Adulterant (Food Adulterant)

NDTV
Illustration for Auramine O Illegal Food Adulterant (Food Adulterant)

What & Where

Auramine O – synthetic diarylmethane yellow dye, authorised for industry/lab, banned as food colour in India

Detected in Indian sweets, turmeric imitators during state food-safety drives and academic sampling

Major sources: textile, leather, printing units; microbiology labs for acid-fast bacilli staining

Quick Facts for MCQs

Health Risks

  • Toxicity: liver, kidney damage, enlarged spleen, endocrine disruption, mutagenicity
  • Chronic exposure: potential genetic, metabolic disorders from recurrent ingestion
  • Carcinogenicity: IARC Group 2B indicates limited human evidence, sufficient animal evidence

Regulatory Gap

  • Enforcement: uneven state lab capacity, weak market surveillance enables continued sale
  • Awareness: small manufacturers often ignorant, some deliberately exploit low detection risk
  • Legality: banned under Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards & Additives) Regulations 2011

Industrial Applications

  • Textile/leather: cheap bright colourant for fabrics and hides
  • Printing/paper: fluorescence properties valued in ink, paper tinting
  • Laboratory: fluorescent alternative to Schiff reagent, vital for acid-fast bacterial diagnosis

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Chemical classDiarylmethane dye
Physical formBright yellow needle-like crystals
Water solubilityInsoluble
SolventsSoluble in ethanol, DMSO
Food-use status (FSSAI)Not permitted
IARC ratingPossibly carcinogenic (Group 2B)
Key industrial sectorsTextile, leather, paper, ink
Lab useAuramine–Rhodamine stain for Mycobacterium
Entry route into foodAdulteration to mimic turmeric/saffron
Typical sellersUnregulated chemical markets
GS-3Environment

8.Manipur Ice-Age Bamboo Fossil (Palaeobotany)

PIB
Illustration for Manipur Ice-Age Bamboo Fossil (Palaeobotany)

What & Where

Fossil: 37 k-year Chimonobambusa manipurensis showing rare thorn scars, nodes, buds

Site: Silt-rich Chirang River beds, Imphal Valley, Manipur, Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot

Significance: Oldest Asian record of thorny bamboo; evidences Ice Age herbivore-defence evolution

Quick Facts for MCQs

Palaeobotanical Milestone

  • Preservation exceptional because bamboo’s hollow culms rarely fossilise
  • First thorny bamboo fossil from Asia widens temporal range of genus by ≥ 30 k years
  • Provides direct macro-evidence complementing earlier pollen-only records

Evolutionary Insights

  • Thorniness indicates pre-Holocene herbivore pressure in tropical Asia
  • Trait survival in refugium contrasts with concurrent European bamboo extinction
  • Supports hypothesis of adaptive defence evolving during or before Last Glacial Maximum

Regional Geography

  • Manipur encircled by Myanmar, Nagaland, Assam, Mizoram; forms eastern Himalayan extension
  • Mountain ring funnels sediments into south-sloping Imphal Valley, aiding fossil burial
  • High rainfall and low tectonic disturbance favour silt accumulation and organic preservation

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Geological age≈ 37,000 years (Late Pleistocene)
GenusChimonobambusa
Species identifiedmanipurensis
Modern analogueBambusa bambos
RiverChirang
Valley elevation≈ 790 m
Manipur area22,327 sq km
Hills share~90 % of state area
Latitude range23.83°–25.68° N
Discovering bodyBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (DST)
Key preservationThorn scars, buds, nodes intact
Ice Age roleNortheast India acted as climatic refugium
GS-3S&T

9.Rising Superbugs Threaten Antibiotic Efficacy (Antimicrobial Resistance)

Times of India
Illustration for Rising Superbugs Threaten Antibiotic Efficacy (Antimicrobial Resistance)

What & Where

Definition: Superbug = bacteria/fungus with multidrug resistance, complicating routine infection treatment

Key species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, Candida auris

Geography: ICMR-AMRSN 2024 flags sharp resistance rise across Indian hospitals

Quick Facts for MCQs

Clinical Impact

  • Mortality: Ventilator-associated pneumonia by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter markedly elevates death risk
  • Morbidity: Persistent fever, septic shock, organ failure observed despite empirical broad-spectrum therapy
  • Hospitalisation: Isolation wards and longer stays escalate bed occupancy and nosocomial spread

Economic Angle

  • Treatment cost: Toxic salvage regimens like colistin + tigecycline inflate bills for patients and insurers
  • Productivity loss: Extended illness disables workforce, lowering national output
  • Public expenditure: Government hospitals bear higher antibiotic and infection-control spending

Drivers of Resistance

  • Overprescription: Broad-spectrum antibiotics sold without prescription in community pharmacies
  • Non-adherence: Patients stopping therapy early, leaving partial bacterial kill and selection pressure
  • Hospital ecology: High-end drug exposure in ICUs favours resistant strain dominance

Policy & Control Measures

  • Stewardship: Urgent nationwide antibiotic-stewardship programs recommended by ICMR
  • Regulation: Call for stricter Schedule H1 enforcement to curb over-the-counter sales
  • R&D push: Need for novel antimicrobials and rapid diagnostics highlighted to meet SDG health goals

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Monitoring bodyICMR Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network
Report editionAMRSN Report 2024
Common infections hitUTI, pneumonia, sepsis, diarrhoea
High-resistance antibioticsFluoroquinolones, third-gen cephalosporins, carbapenems
Last-line drugs erodingCarbapenems now facing ≥50 % non-susceptibility in some isolates
Key Gram-negative superbugsE. coli, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas
Notable fungal superbugCandida auris with rising azole resistance
Main resistance driversMisuse, incomplete doses, hospital overuse, horizontal gene transfer
Clinical falloutHigher mortality, prolonged ICU stay, septic shock risk
Economic burdenCostly toxic drug combos, productivity loss, public hospital strain

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GS1 2019PYQ 1

Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India?

GS-2Editorial

10.G20 Johannesburg 2025 Summit Outcomes (G20 Summit)

Indian Express
Illustration for G20 Johannesburg 2025 Summit Outcomes (G20 Summit)

What & Where

G20: forum of 19 nations, EU, AU coordinating global economic and financial policy

2025 Leaders Summit Johannesburg South Africa saw declaration pushed through despite US objections

Represents ~85 % world GDP, 75 % trade, two thirds population, dubbed economic security council

Quick Facts for MCQs

Institutional Evolution

  • Origin: Created after 1997-98 Asian crisis to stabilise finance
  • Upgrade: 2008 Lehman shock moved forum to heads of government level
  • Expansion: Agenda now includes climate, health, digital governance, critical minerals

2025 Declaration Highlights

  • Climate: Call to scale finance from billions to trillions for just energy transitions
  • Debt: Commission set to lower Africa’s USD1.8 tn debt servicing cost
  • Minerals: Framework released for diversified, sustainable critical mineral value chains

Geopolitical Faultlines

  • Boycott: Trump, Xi, Putin absences weakened great-power endorsement
  • Clash: US opposed climate, debt text, declined consensus signature
  • Split: Argentina exit over Middle East wording, Europe fixated on Ukraine versus Gaza focus

Opportunities for Global South

  • Voice: AU membership, African host amplified Southern priorities in G20 agenda
  • Reform: Platform to push IMF–World Bank quota changes and UNSC enlargement
  • Technology: Chance to co-shape rules on AI, data, digital public infrastructure

Way Forward

  • Refocus: Return to macro stability, trade, climate finance deliverables
  • Coalition: Build bridges between Northern security and Southern development agendas
  • Implementation: Prioritise measurable finance flows, SDR re-channel, infrastructure build

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Founded as Finance Ministers forum1999
Upgraded to Leaders’ level2008 Washington
2025 host countrySouth Africa
Declaration length 2025122 paragraphs
New body launchedCost of Capital Commission
Youth NEET reduction target5 % cut by 2030
Gender labour-force goal25 % parity by 2030
Energy access pledgeMission 300 for 300 mn Africans
Major leaders absentUS, China, Russia

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

GEO_GS 2021PYQ 1

G-20 is a forum of countries that intends to promote global economic stability and sustainable growth. Which among the following group of countries DOES NOT form a part of the forum?

GEO_GS 2025PYQ 2

Which country is the Chair of G20 for the year 2025?

GS-2Security

11.India-Indonesia Third Defence Ministers' Dialogue (Defence Cooperation)

All India Radio

What & Where

Third India-Indonesia Defence Ministers’ Dialogue; bilateral mechanism convened 28 Nov 2025, South Block, New Delhi.

Covers maritime, cyber, industry and multilateral security cooperation across the Indo-Pacific theatre.

Core geography: India, Indonesia; strategic straits—Malacca, Sunda, Lombok—vital for global sea-lanes.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Security Dimension

  • Reaffirmation of free, open Indo-Pacific; commitment to maritime domain awareness and cyber resilience.
  • Alignment sought in multilateral bodies, especially IORA, for regional stability initiatives.

Defence Industry & Trade

  • Indonesia welcomed Committee for tech transfer, R&D, certification harmonisation, supply-chain links.
  • Growing economic heft evidenced by USD 38.8 billion trade and prospective BrahMos export.

Military Engagements

  • Regular land, sea, air exercises deepen interoperability; Air Manoeuvre drill upcoming.
  • Progress recognised in joint training across armies, navies, air forces.

Indo-Pacific Frameworks

  • ASEAN Outlook and India’s IPOI termed complementary, enabling collective maritime governance.
  • Both nations view strategic straits control as linchpin for regional commerce and security.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Dialogue edition3rd
Meeting venueNew Delhi, India
Date28 Nov 2025
Proposed bodyJoint Defence Industry Cooperation Committee
2022-23 bilateral tradeUSD 38.8 billion
Prospective BrahMos deal~USD 450 million
Key joint drillsSuper Garuda Shield, Garuda Shakti, Samudra Shakti, MILAN
Shared Indo-Pacific visionsASEAN Outlook; Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative
Crucial straits watchedMalacca, Sunda, Lombok
Multilateral forum usedIndian Ocean Rim Association

Related UPSC Prelims PYQs

CDS_GK, ESE_GS 2023PYQ 1

The eighth edition of the Exercise Garuda Shakti, a bilateral military-to-military exercise, was conducted recently between the special forces of India and

CDS_GK, ESE_GS 2026PYQ 2

What is the name of the initiative launched by India and Denmark in November 2025 to enhance bilateral ties?

GS-2Scheme

12.Tex-RAMPS Textile Innovation Support Scheme (Textile R&D)

PIB
Illustration for Tex-RAMPS Textile Innovation Support Scheme (Textile R&D)

What & Where

Central Sector Scheme “Tex-RAMPS” for Research, Assessment, Monitoring, Planning, Start-ups in textiles.

Fully implemented by Ministry of Textiles; coverage: pan-India.

Timeline 2025-31, aligned with next Finance Commission cycle.

Quick Facts for MCQs

Tech & Schemes

  • Smart-textile R&D encouraged for multifunctional, sustainable fabrics.
  • Supports incubators, hackathons, academia-industry linkages to commercialise innovations.
  • Aligns Indian textiles with global green manufacturing norms.

Data & Analytics

  • ITSS supplies real-time dashboards for evidence-based policy tweaks.
  • Employment mapping, supply-chain diagnostics, India-Size sizing survey integrated.
  • Structured monitoring improves scheme accountability and mid-course corrections.

Capacity & Start-ups

  • State workshops, best-practice exchanges to upskill officials and industry.
  • Dedicated funds nurture textile start-ups, boosting entrepreneurship ecosystem.
  • Knowledge networks created for continuous skill and policy upgrades.

Key Data Points

FeatureData-Point
Scheme typeCentral Sector
MinistryTextiles
Financial outlay₹305 crore
Period2025-2031
Core pillarsResearch & Innovation; Data, Analytics & Diagnostics; Capacity Development; Start-up Support
Flagship platformIntegrated Textiles Statistical System (ITSS)
Focus areasSmart, sustainable, technical textiles; process efficiency
Funding pattern100 % Union budget

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